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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Effect of Rotational Shepherding on Demographic and Genetic Connectivity of Calcareous Grassland Plants
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Effect of Rotational Shepherding on Demographic and Genetic Connectivity of Calcareous Grassland Plants

机译：轮牧对钙质草原植物种群和遗传连通性的影响

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Response to habitat fragmentation may not be generalized among species, in particular for plant communities with a variety of dispersal traits. Calcareous grasslands are one of the most species-rich habitats in Central Europe, but abandonment of traditional management has caused a dramatic decline of calcareous grassland species. In the Southern Franconian Alb in Germany, reintroduction of rotational shepherding in previously abandoned grasslands has restored species diversity, and it has been suggested that sheep support seed dispersal among grasslands. We tested the effect of rotational shepherding on demographic and genetic connectivity of calcareous grassland specialist plants and whether the response of plant populations to shepherding was limited to species dispersed by animals (zoochory). Specifically, we tested competing dispersal models and source and focal patch properties to explain landscape connectivity with patch-occupancy data of 31 species. We fitted the same connectivity models to patch occupancy and nuclear microsatellite data for the herb Dianthus carthusianorum (Carthusian pink). For 27 species, patch connectivity was explained by dispersal by rotational shepherding regardless of adaptations to zoochory, whereas population size(16% species) and patch area (0% species) of source patches were not important predictors of patch occupancy in most species. [Correction made after online publication, February 25, 2014: Population size and patch area percentages were mistakenly inverted, and have now been fixed.] Microsite diversity of focal patches significantly increased the model variance explained by patch occupancy in 90% of the species. For D. carthusianorum, patch connectivity through rotational shepherding explained both patch occupancy and population genetic diversity. Our results suggest shepherding provides dispersal for multiple plant species regardless of their dispersal adaptations and thus offers a useful approach to restore plant diversity in fragmented calcareous grasslands.
机译：物种间对生境破碎化的反应可能无法一概而论，尤其是对于具有各种扩散性状的植物群落而言。钙质草原是中欧物种最丰富的栖息地之一，但放弃传统管理已导致钙质草原物种急剧减少。在德国南部的法兰克阿尔卑斯山，在先前被废弃的草原上重新引入轮牧，已恢复了物种多样性，并且有人提出，绵羊支持种子在草原间的传播。我们测试了轮牧对钙质草原专业植物的人口统计和遗传连通性的影响，以及植物种群对牧羊的反应是否仅限于动物分散的物种（动物）。具体来说，我们测试了竞争性扩散模型以及源和焦点斑块特性，以利用31种物种的斑块占用数据来解释景观连通性。我们将相同的连通性模型拟合为药草石竹（Carthusian pink）的占用和核微卫星数据。对于27种，斑块连接性可以通过旋转牧羊的扩散来解释，而不考虑对畜牧业的适应性，而在大多数物种中，源斑块的种群大小（16％种）和斑块面积（0％种）并不是斑块占用的重要预测指标。 [2014年2月25日在线发布后进行的更正：种群大小和斑块面积百分比被错误地颠倒了，现在已经得到解决。]焦点斑块的微站点多样性显着增加了模型差异，这可通过90％的物种的斑块占有率来解释。对于D. carthusianorum，通过旋转牧羊的斑块连通性解释了斑块的占有率和种群遗传多样性。我们的结果表明，牧羊提供了多种植物种类的分散性，而不论它们的分散性适应如何，因此，提供了一种有用的方法来恢复零碎的石灰质草地中植物的多样性。

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