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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Rabbit biocontrol and landscape-scale recovery of threatened desert mammals
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Rabbit biocontrol and landscape-scale recovery of threatened desert mammals

机译：受威胁的沙漠哺乳动物的兔生物防治和景观尺度恢复

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Funding for species conservation is insufficient to meet the current challenges facing global biodiversity, yet many programs use expensive single-species recovery actions and neglect broader management that addresses threatening processes. Arid Australia has the world's worst modern mammalian extinction record, largely attributable to competition from introduced herbivores, particularly European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and predation by feral cats (Felis catus) and foxes (Vulpes vulpes). The biological control agent rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) was introduced to Australia in 1995 and resulted in dramatic, widespread rabbit suppression. We compared the area of occupancy and extent of occurrence of 4 extant species of small mammals before and after RHDV outbreak, relative to rainfall, sampling effort, and rabbit and predator populations. Despite low rainfall during the first 14 years after RHDV, 2 native rodents listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the dusky hopping-mouse (Notomys fuscus) and plains mouse (Pseudomys australis), increased their extent of occurrence by 241-365%. A threatened marsupial micropredator, the crest-tailed mulgara (Dasycercus cristicauda), underwent a 70-fold increase in extent of occurrence and a 20-fold increase in area of occupancy. Both bottom-up and top-down trophic effects were attributed to RHDV, namely decreased competition for food resources and declines in rabbit-dependent predators. Based on these sustained increases, these 3 previously threatened species now qualify for threat-category downgrading on the IUCN Red List. These recoveries are on a scale rarely documented in mammals and give impetus to programs aimed at targeted use of RHDV in Australia, rather than simply employing top-down threat-based management of arid ecosystems. Conservation programs that take big-picture approaches to addressing threatening processes over large spatial scales should be prioritized to maximize return from scarce conservation funding. Further, these should be coupled with long-term ecological monitoring, a critical tool in detecting and understanding complex ecosystem change.
机译：用于物种保护的资金不足以应对当前全球生物多样性所面临的挑战，但是许多计划使用昂贵的单一物种恢复行动，而忽视了解决威胁性过程的更广泛的管理。干旱的澳大利亚拥有世界上最糟糕的现代哺乳动物灭绝记录，主要归因于来自引入的食草动物的竞争，尤其是欧洲兔子（穴兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus））和野猫（Felis catus）和狐狸（Vulpes vulpes）的捕食。生物防治剂兔出血性疾病病毒（RHDV）于1995年引入澳大利亚，导致了对兔的广泛抑制。我们比较了RHDV爆发前后，小型哺乳动物的居住面积和4种现存物种的发生程度，相对于降雨，取样工作以及兔子和捕食者的种群。尽管在RHDV发生后的头14年降雨量很少，但国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）列出的2种天然啮齿动物，昏暗的跳鼠（Notomys fuscus）和平原鼠（Pseudomys australis）的发病率有所提高。 241-365％。濒危有袋动物微捕食者，冠尾穆加拉（Dasycercus cristicauda）的发生范围增加了70倍，占用面积增加了20倍。自上而下和自上而下的营养作用均归因于RHDV，即对食物资源的竞争减少和依赖兔子的捕食者的减少。基于这些持续增长，这3个先前受威胁的物种现在有资格在IUCN红色名录中降级为威胁类别。这些恢复的规模在哺乳动物中鲜有记载，并推动了旨在在澳大利亚有针对性地使用RHDV的计划，而不是简单地对干旱生态系统进行自上而下的基于威胁的管理。应当优先采用采用大型方法来解决大规模空间威胁过程的保护计划，以最大程度地从稀缺的保护资金中获得回报。此外，应将这些与长期的生态监测相结合，这是检测和了解复杂的生态系统变化的关键工具。

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