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Avian responses to late-season grazing in a shrub-willow floodplain

机译：鸟类对灌木柳洪泛区后期放牧的反应

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Riparian vegetation in western North America provides important habitat for breeding birds and valuable forage for grazing livestock. Whereas a number of studies have documented the response of riparian vegetation to the removal of cattle, few have experimentally evaluated specific grazing systems. We evaluated the responses of vegetation and breeding birds to two cycles of late-season (August-September) grazing followed by 34 months of rest on the Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado. We used a before-and-after control-impact (BACI) design, with two control (ungrazed) and two treatment (grazed) pastures composing the experimental units. Vegetation characteristics and bird densities were quantified on sample plots prior to and following two cycles of the treatment. We found no statistical differences in vegetation change and few differences in bird-density change among pastures. Inspection of means for pastures, however, suggests that changes in shrub vigor and spatial pattern differed among ungrazed and grazed pastures and that changes in population density for three of the nine bird species and three guilds studied differed among pastures. Our results suggest that habitat for grazing-sensitive birds may be restored while still allowing late-season grazing, although the rate at which species are recovered will be slower than if all cattle are removed. [References: 25]
机译：北美西部的河岸植被为鸟类的繁殖提供了重要的栖息地，为牲畜提供​​了宝贵的饲料。尽管许多研究记录了河岸植被对牛的清除的反应，但很少有实验评估特定的放牧系统。我们评估了植被和繁殖鸟类对两个季节（八月至九月）放牧的反应，然后在科罗拉多州阿拉帕霍国家野生动物保护区休息了34个月。我们使用前后对照冲击（BACI）设计，其中两个对照（未磨毛）和两个处理（磨毛）草场组成实验单元。在两个处理周期之前和之后，在样地上对植被特征和鸟类密度进行量化。我们发现，牧场之间植被变化无统计学差异，鸟类密度变化差异很小。然而，对牧场均价的检查表明，未牧草和放牧的牧场灌木的活力和空间格局变化不同，研究的九种鸟类和三个行会中三种的种群密度变化在牧场之间也不同。我们的结果表明，放牧敏感鸟类的栖息地可以恢复，同时仍允许后期放牧，尽管恢复物种的速度将比所有牛都被清除的速度慢。 [参考：25]

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