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Influence of timber extraction routes on central African small-mammal communities, forest structure, and tree diversity

机译：木材采伐路线对中部非洲小哺乳动物群落，森林结构和树木多样性的影响

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Despite increasing pressure to harvest timer from African tropical forests, the short- and long-term ecological effects of qualitative and quantitative variation in extraction practices rarely have been examined. At a site in the southwestern Central African Republic, we surveyed rodent and tree communities and vegetation structure in unlogged forest and along skid trails and secondary and primary access roads at 12 and 19 years after logging. The most important source of variation among transects was the type of logging road: primary and secondary access roads showed the greatest change and skid trails the least. An intercorrelated suite of changes occurred along the margins of the roads, including changes in rodent community composition, increases in rodent abundance and diversity, changes in the height distribution of rodent abundance, increases in understory foliage density, and decreases in sapling density and tree species richness. Ecological changes along the secondary roads were nearly as strong as those along primary roads, despite the fact that secondary roads had been abandoned immediately after logging, whereas primary roads had been traveled up to the time of the research. Continuing edge-induced effects along graded road margins at between 12 and 19 years after logging were indicated by differences in tree species composition, sapling and tree densities, and understory density. Our results support conclusions of increased disturbance to rainforest communities with increasingly destructive road construction techniques and suggest that canopy damage rather than stem damage is the most appropriate measure of logging damage. Although minimizing the length of access roads is important in reducing ecological effects, it should not be achieved at the expense of increased canopy damage. Rodent communities appear to be an easily measured indicator of these ecological changes and may be responsive to landscape-level changes in forest cover and degradation. [References: 41]
机译：尽管对来自非洲热带森林的采伐计时器的压力越来越大，但很少对采伐方法的定性和定量变化的短期和长期生态影响进行研究。在中非共和国西南部的一个地点，我们对伐木后12年和19年的未砍伐森林中以及沿滑道和次要和主要接触道路的啮齿动物和树木群落以及植被结构进行了调查。样带间变化的最重要来源是伐木道路的类型：主要和次要访问道路变化最大，而滑道最小。道路边缘发生了一系列相互关联的变化，包括啮齿动物群落组成的变化，啮齿动物的丰度和多样性的增加，啮齿动物的丰度的高度分布的变化，林下树叶密度的增加以及幼树密度和树木种类的减少。丰富。尽管事实上，伐木后立即废弃了次要道路，但直到研究之时，主要道路才经过，但次要道路的生态变化几乎与主要道路的生态变化一样强。树木物种组成，树苗和树木密度以及林下密度的差异表明，在伐木后12至19年之间，沿坡度道路边缘持续产生边缘诱导效应。我们的研究结果支持越来越多的破坏性道路建设技术对雨林社区增加干扰的结论，并表明冠层损害而非茎秆损害是伐木损害的最适当措施。尽管最小化通道长度对于减少生态影响很重要，但不应以增加树冠破坏为代价来实现。啮齿动物群落似乎是这些生态变化的容易衡量的指标，并且可能对森林覆盖和退化的景观水平变化做出响应。 [参考：41]

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