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Galvanic replacement reactions of active-metal nanoparticles

机译：活性金属纳米粒子的电流置换反应

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摘要

We present a systemic investigation of a galvanic replacement technique in which active-metal nanoparticles are used as sacrificial seeds. We found that different nanostructures can be controllably synthesized by varying the type of more noble-metal ions and liquid medium. Specifically, nano-heterostructures of noble metal (Ag, Au) or Cu nanocrystals on active-metal (Mg, Zn) cores were obtained by the reaction of active-metal nanoparticles with more noble-metal ions in ethanol; Ag nanocrystal arrays were produced by the reaction of active-metal nanoparticles with Ag ~+ ions in water; spongy Au nanospheres were generated by the reaction of active-metal nanoparticles with AuCl _4 - ions in water; and SnO _2 nanoparticles were prepared when Sn ~(2+) were used as the oxidant ions. The key factors determining the product morphology are shown to be the reactivity of the liquid medium and the nature of the oxidant-reductant couple, whereas Mg and Zn nanoparticles played similar roles in achieving various nanostructures. When microsized Mg and Zn particles were used as seeds in similar reactions, the products were mainly noble-metal dendrites. The new approach proposed in this study expands the capability of the conventional nanoscale galvanic replacement method and provides new avenues to various structures, which are expected to have many potential applications in catalysis, optoelectronics, and biomedicine.
机译：我们目前系统的电流替代技术的调查，其中活性金属纳米粒子被用作牺牲种子。我们发现可以通过改变更多贵金属离子和液体介质的类型来可控制地合成不同的纳米结构。具体而言，通过使活性金属纳米颗粒与更多的贵金属离子在乙醇中反应，获得了活性金属（Mg，Zn）核上的贵金属（Ag，Au）或Cu纳米晶体的纳米异质结构。通过活性金属纳米颗粒与水中的Ag〜+离子反应制备Ag纳米晶阵列。活性金属纳米粒子与AuCl_4-离子在水中反应生成海绵状Au纳米球。以Sn〜（2+）为氧化剂离子制备了SnO_2纳米粒子。决定产物形态的关键因素是液体介质的反应性和氧化剂-还原剂对的性质，而Mg和Zn纳米粒子在获得各种纳米结构方面起着相似的作用。当在类似反应中使用微细的Mg和Zn颗粒作为种子时，产物主要是贵金属树枝状晶体。本研究中提出的新方法扩展了常规纳米级电置换方法的功能，并为各种结构提供了新途径，这些结构有望在催化，光电和生物医学中具有许多潜在应用。

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