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Stabilization of proline enamine carboxylates by amine bases

机译:胺碱稳定脯氨酸烯胺羧酸盐

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As part of our ongoing studies to provide an experimental basis for the improved understanding of organocatalytic reaction mechanisms we present a study on the influence of amine bases on enamine intermediate stabilization in proline catalysis. The (partial) deprotonation of the proline acid function is displayed by characteristic shifts of certain proton resonances and is also manifested by an increase of the amount of enamine intermediate upon reaching a critical pK _(aH). Strong bases, such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-undec-7- ene (DBU), allow for outstanding enamine stabilization in various solvents and, hence, permit the detection of enamine species that have been inaccessible until now (illustrated by the observation of minor amounts of Z enamines). The in situ NMR detection of a prolinate-DBUH ~+ ion pair supports the well-documented reversal of enantioselectivity of proline-catalyzed aminations in the presence of amine bases by disabling the bifunctional activity and switching to a "simple" stereocontrol effect (as known from the J?rgensen/Hayashi-type diarylprolinol ethers). In addition, the possibility of attractive ionic interactions between both the iminium ion and prolinate enamines available in the presence of strong amine bases suggests promotion of the Mannich pathway in aldol reactions to mainly form condensation products.
机译:作为我们正在进行的研究的一部分,旨在为增进对有机催化反应机理的理解提供实验基础,我们对胺碱对脯氨酸催化烯胺中间体稳定的影响进行了研究。脯氨酸酸功能的(部分)去质子化通过某些质子共振的特征性位移来显示,并且还通过在达到临界pK _(aH)时烯胺中间体的量增加来体现。强碱,例如1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]-十一碳烯-(DBU),可在各种溶剂中实现出色的烯胺稳定性,因此,可检测到目前为止尚无法获得的烯胺物种(通过观察到少量的Z烯胺来说明)。脯氨酸-DBUH〜+离子对的原位NMR检测通过禁用双功能活性并切换到“简单的”立体控制效应,从而支持了在胺碱存在下脯氨酸催化的胺的对映选择性的充分证明的逆转(众所周知) (来自J?rgensen / Hayashi型二芳基脯氨醇醚)。另外,在强胺碱的存在下,可用的亚胺酸离子与脯氨酸酯亚胺之间的有吸引力的离子相互作用的可能性表明,在醛醇缩合反应中促进曼尼希途径的反应主要形成缩合产物。

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