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首页> 外文期刊>Chemistry: A European journal >Nanoscale Confinement Controls the Crystallization of Calcium Phosphate: Relevance to Bone Formation
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Nanoscale Confinement Controls the Crystallization of Calcium Phosphate: Relevance to Bone Formation

机译：纳米级限制控制磷酸钙的结晶：与骨形成有关。

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摘要

A key feature of biomineralization processes is that they take place within confined volumes, in which the local environment can have significant effects on mineral formation. Herein, we investigate the influence of confinement on the formation mechanism and structure of calcium phosphate (CaP). This is of particular relevance to the formation of dentine and bone, structures of which are based on highly mineralized collagen fibrils. CaP was precipitated within 25-300 nm diameter, cylindrical pores of track etched and anodised alumina membranes under physiological conditions, in which this system enables systematic study of the effects of the pore size in the absence of a structural match between the matrix and the growing crystals. Our results show that the main products were polycrystalline hydroxapatite (HAP) rods, together with some single crystal octacalcium phosphate (OCP) rods. Notably, we demonstrate that these were generated though an intermediate amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) phase, and that ACP is significantly stabilised in confinement. This effect may have significance to the mineralization of bone, which can occur through a transient ACP phase. We also show that orientation of the HAP comparable, or even superior to that seen in bone can be achieved through confinement effects alone. Although this simple experimental system cannot be considered, a direct mimic of the in vivo formation of ultrathin HAP platelets within collagen fibrils, our results show that the effects of physical confinement should not be neglected when considering the mechanisms of formation of structures, such as bones and teeth.
机译：生物矿化过程的一个关键特征是它们发生在有限的体积内，在该体积内局部环境会对矿物质的形成产生重大影响。在这里，我们调查限制对磷酸钙（CaP）的形成机理和结构的影响。这与牙本质和骨骼的形成特别相关，其结构是基于高度矿化的胶原原纤维。 CaP沉淀在直径25-300 nm内，在生理条件下为径迹蚀刻和阳极氧化铝膜的圆柱形孔，在该系统中，该系统能够在没有基质与生长之间结构匹配的情况下，系统地研究孔径的影响晶体。我们的结果表明，主要产品是多晶羟基磷灰石（HAP）棒，以及一些单晶磷酸八钙（OCP）棒。值得注意的是，我们证明了这些是通过中间无定形磷酸钙（ACP）相生成的，并且ACP在封闭状态下明显稳定。这种作用可能对骨骼的矿化具有重要意义，而矿化可以通过短暂的ACP相发生。我们还表明，仅通过限制作用就可以实现HAP的定向，甚至可以超过在骨骼中看到的定向。尽管不能考虑使用这种简单的实验系统，但直接模拟了胶原原纤维在体内超薄HAP血小板的形成，但我们的结果表明，在考虑结构形成机制（例如骨骼）时，不应忽略物理限制的影响和牙齿。

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