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Silicateins - A novel paradigm in bioinorganic chemistry: Enzymatic synthesis of inorganic polymeric silica (Review)

机译:Silicateins-生物无机化学的新范例:无机高分子二氧化硅的酶促合成(综述)

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摘要

The inorganic matrix of the siliceous skeletal elements of sponges, that is, spicules, is formed of amorphous biosilica. Until a decade ago, it remained unclear how the hard biosilica monoliths of the spicules are formed in sponges that live in a silica-poor (<50 μM) aquatic environment. The following two discoveries caused a paradigm shift and allowed an elucidation of the processes underlying spicule formation; first the discovery that in the spicules only one major protein, silicatein, exists and second, that this protein displays a bio-catalytical, enzymatic function. These findings caused a paradigm shift, since silicatein is the first enzyme that catalyzes the formation of an inorganic polymer from an inorganic monomeric substrate. In the present review the successive steps, following the synthesis of the silicatein product, biosilica, and resulting in the formation of the hard monolithic spicules is given. The new insight is assumed to open new horizons in the field of biotechnology and also in biomedicine.
机译:海绵的硅质骨骼元素的无机基质(即针状物)是由无定形生物二氧化硅形成的。直到十年前,还不清楚如何在生活在贫硅(<50μM)水生环境中的海绵中形成针状的坚硬生物二氧化硅整体料。以下两个发现引起了范式转换,并阐明了针状体形成的潜在过程。首先发现在针状体中仅存在一种主要的蛋白质硅铝蛋白,其次,该蛋白质显示出生物催化的酶功能。这些发现引起了范式转变,因为硅酸盐是第一种催化由无机单体底物形成无机聚合物的酶。在本综述中,给出了在合成硅酸盐产品,生物二氧化硅后导致形成硬质整体针状体的连续步骤。假定新的见解将为生物技术领域以及生物医学领域开辟新的视野。

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