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N-Heteroarylation of Optically Pure alpha-Amino Esters using the Pd-PEPPSI- IPent(Cl)-o-picoline Pre-Catalyst

机译:使用Pd-PEPPSI-IPent(Cl)-邻甲基吡啶预催化剂对光学纯α-氨基酯进行N-芳基化

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摘要

A robust, mild, and efficient method for the Pd-catalyzed N-heteroarylation of optically pure a-amino esters was developed. Dichloro[1,3-bis(2,6-di-3-pentylphenyl) imidazol-2-ylidene](o-picoline) palladium(II) (Pd-PEPPSIIPent(Cl)-o-picoline; PEPPSI = pyridine enhanced pre-catalyst preparation, stabilization, and initiation) was shown to effectively couple a variety of amino acids as the tert-butyl ester with heteroaryl chlorides in high yields and with excellent stereoretention of the acidic proton adjacent to the ester. Control experiments revealed that racemization is base-mediated, with no evidence of Pd-mediated b-hydride elimination when using Pd-PEPPSI-IPent(Cl), and that racemization occurs only after the product is formed, that is, the non-arylated starting amino ester does not deprotonate under our reaction conditions. Studies also revealed that increasing the steric bulk of the ester moiety on the amino acid (e.g., ethyl to tert-butyl) drastically slows racemization of the product.
机译:开发了一种鲁棒,温和,有效的方法,用于Pd催化的光学纯α-氨基酯的N-杂芳基化。二氯[1,3-双(2,6-二-3-戊基苯基)咪唑-2-亚甲基](邻甲基吡啶)钯(II)(Pd-PEPPSIIPent(Cl)-邻甲基吡啶; PEPPSI =吡啶增强的前(催化剂的制备,稳定化和引发)显示出将叔丁基酯的各种氨基酸与杂芳基氯有效地高产率地偶联,并且与酯相邻的酸性质子具有优异的立体保留性。对照实验表明,消旋作用是碱介导的,没有证据表明使用Pd-PEPPSI-IPent(Cl)时会消除Pd介导的b-氢化物,并且消旋作用仅在产物形成后发生,即未芳基化起始氨基酯在我们的反应条件下不会去质子化。研究还表明,增加氨基酸上酯部分的空间体积(例如,乙基至叔丁基)会大大减慢产物的外消旋作用。

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