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A Systematic Study of Structure and E-H Bond Activation Chemistry by Sterically Encumbered Germylene Complexes

机译:立体阻碍的亚甲基配合物对结构和E-H键活化化学的系统研究

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A series of new germylene compounds has been synthesized offering systematic variation in the sigma- and pi-capabilities of the alpha-substituent and differing levels of reactivity towards E-H bond activation (E=H, B, C, N, Si, Ge). Chloride metathesis utilizing [(terphenyl)GeCl] proves to be an effective synthetic route to complexes of the type [(terphenyl)Ge(ERn)] (1-6: ERn = NHDipp, CH(SiMe3)(2), P(SiMe3)(2), Si(SiMe3)(3) or B(NDippCH)(2); terphenyl=C(6)H(3)Mes(2)-2,6=Ar-Mes or C(6)H(3)Dipp(2)-2,6=Ar-Dipp; Dipp=C(6)H(3)iPr(2)-2,6, Mes=C6H2Me3-2,4,6), while the related complex [{(Me3Si)(2)N}Ge{B(NDippCH)(2)}] (8) can be accessed by an amide/boryl exchange route. Metrical parameters have been probed by X-ray crystallography, and are consistent with widening angles at the metal centre as more bulky and/or more electropositive substituents are employed. Thus, the widest germylene units (theta>110 degrees) are found to be associated with strongly sigma-donating boryl or silyl ancillary donors. HOMO-LUMO gaps for the new germylene complexes have been appraised by DFT calculations. The aryl(boryl)-germylene system [(ArGe)-Ge-Mes{B(NDippCH)2}] (6-Mes), which features a wide C-Ge-B angle (110.4(1)degrees) and (albeit relatively weak) ancillary pi-acceptor capabilities, has the smallest HOMO-LUMO gap (119 kJmol(-1)). These features result in 6-Mes being remarkably reactive, undergoing facile intramolecular C-H activation involving one of the mesityl ortho-methyl groups. The related aryl(silyl)-germylene system, [(ArGe)-Ge-Mes{Si(SiMe3)(3)}] (5-Mes) has a marginally wider HOMO-LUMO gap (134 kJmol(-1)), rendering it less labile towards decomposition, yet reactive enough to oxidatively cleave H-2 and NH3 to give the corresponding dihydride and (amido) hydride. Mixed aryl/alkyl, aryl/amido and aryl/phosphido complexes are unreactive, but amido/boryl complex 8 is competent for the activation of E-H bonds (E=H, B, Si) to give hydrido, boryl and silyl products. The results of these reactivity studies imply that the use of the very strongly s-donating boryl or silyl substituents is an effective strategy for rendering metallylene complexes competent for E-H bond activation.
机译:已合成了一系列新的二甲基亚砜化合物,这些化合物可提供α取代基的σ和pi能力的系统变化,以及对E-H键活化的反应性水平不同(E = H,B,C,N,Si,Ge)。事实证明,利用[(叔苯基)GeCl]进行氯离子复分解是合成[[叔苯基] Ge(ERn)](1-6:ERn = NHDipp,CH(SiMe3)(2),P(SiMe3 )(2),Si(SiMe3)(3)或B(NDippCH)(2);三联苯= C(6)H(3)Mes(2)-2,6 = Ar-Mes或C(6)H( 3)Dipp(2)-2,6 = Ar-Dipp; Dipp = C(6)H(3)iPr(2)-2,6,Mes = C6H2Me3-2,4,6),而相关的复合物[ {(Me3Si)(2)N} Ge {B(NDippCH)(2)}](8)可以通过酰胺/硼基交换路线访问。已经通过X射线晶体学探测了尺寸参数,并且这些尺寸参数与金属中心处的加宽角一致,这是因为使用了更大体积和/或更正电的取代基。因此,发现最宽的亚甲基撑单元(θ> 110度)与强σ-供体的硼基或甲硅烷基辅助供体有关。通过DFT计算已经评估了新的三甲基亚苯基络合物的HOMO-LUMO缺口。芳基(硼基)-亚甲基系统[(ArGe)-Ge-Mes {B(NDippCH)2}](6-Mes),具有宽C-Ge-B角(110.4(1)度)和(尽管相对较弱的)辅助pi受体功能,具有最小的HOMO-LUMO间隙(119 kJmol(-1))。这些特征导致6-Mes具有显着的反应性,并经历了包括1,2,3,5-三甲基邻甲基的分子内的C-H活化。相关的芳基(甲硅烷基)-亚甲基系统[(ArGe)-Ge-Mes {Si(SiMe3)(3)}](5-Mes)具有稍宽的HOMO-LUMO间隙(134 kJmol(-1)),使其对分解的稳定性降低,但具有足够的反应性,可以氧化裂解H-2和NH3,得到相应的二氢化物和(酰氨基)氢化物。混合的芳基/烷基,芳基/酰胺基和芳基/磷基络合物没有反应性,但是酰胺基/硼基络合物8可以激活E-H键(E = H,B,Si),得到氢化物,硼基和甲硅烷基产物。这些反应性研究的结果表明,使用非常强力的s-供体的硼基或甲硅烷基取代基是使茂金属络合物具有E-H键活化能力的有效策略。

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