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Rapid Convergent Evolution in Wild Crickets

机译：野生Cri的快速收敛进化

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摘要

The earliest stages of convergent evolution are difficult to observe in the wild, limiting our understanding of the incipient genomic architecture underlying convergent phenotypes [1, 2]. To address this, we capitalized on a novel trait, flatwing, that arose and proliferated at the start of the 21st century in a population of field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) on the Hawaiian island of Kauai [3]. Flatwing erases sound-producing structures on male forewings. Mutant males cannot sing to attract females, but they are protected from fatal attack by an acoustically orienting parasitoid fly (Ormia ochracea). Two years later, the silent morph appeared on the neighboring island of Oahu. We tested two hypotheses for the evolutionary origin of flatwings in Hawaii: (1) that the silent morph originated on Kauai and subsequently introgressed into Oahu and (2) that flatwing originated independently on each island. Morphometric analysis of male wings revealed that Kauai flatwings almost completely lack typical derived structures, whereas Oahu flatwings retain noticeably more wild-type wing venation. Using standard genetic crosses, we confirmed that the mutation segregates as a single-locus, sex-linked Mendelian trait on both islands. However, genome-wide scans using RAD-seq recovered almost completely distinct markers linked with flatwing on each island. The patterns of allelic association with flatwing on either island reveal different genomic architectures consistent with the timing of two mutational events on the X chromosome. Divergent wing morphologies linked to different loci thus cause identical behavioral outcomes-silence-illustrating the power of selection to rapidly shape convergent adaptations from distinct genomic starting points.
机译：聚合进化的最早阶段很难在野外观察到，这限制了我们对聚合表型基础的初始基因组架构的理解[1、2]。为了解决这个问题，我们利用了21世纪初在夏威夷考艾岛[3]上的一群field（Teleogryllus oceanicus）中兴起并繁殖的扁平特征。 Flatwing消除了男性前肢上的发声结构。突变的雄性不能唱歌来吸引雌性，但是通过听觉定向的寄生类蝇（Ormia ochracea）可以保护它们免受致命的攻击。两年后，这种沉默的形态出现在邻近的瓦胡岛上。我们针对夏威夷扁平尾翼的进化起源检验了两个假设：（1）沉默形态起源于考艾岛，随后渗入瓦胡岛;（2）扁平尾翼独立于每个岛屿。对雄性机翼的形态分析表明，考艾岛的机翼几乎完全缺乏典型的衍生结构，而瓦胡岛的机翼则保留了明显更多的野生型机翼脉脉。使用标准遗传杂交，我们确认了该突变在两个岛上均以单基因座，与性相关的孟德尔性状分离。但是，使用RAD-seq进行的全基因组扫描可以恢复几乎完全不同的标记，这些标记与每个岛上的扁平有关。等位基因与任一岛上扁平的关联模式揭示了与X染色体上两个突变事件的发生时间一致的不同基因组结构。因此，链接到不同基因座的不同机翼形态会导致相同的行为结果-沉默-说明了选择的能力，可以从不同的基因组起点快速塑造收敛的适应性。

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