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首页> 外文期刊>Continental Shelf Research: A Companion Journal to Deep-Sea Research and Progress in Oceanography >Thin layers and species-specific characterization of the phytoplankton community in Monterey Bay, California, USA
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Thin layers and species-specific characterization of the phytoplankton community in Monterey Bay, California, USA

机译：美国加利福尼亚州蒙特里湾浮游植物群落的薄层和特定物种特征

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During the summers of 2005 and 2006, experiments designed to understand the properties of densely concentrated, thin layers of plankton and the processes governing their dynamics were conducted in Monterey Bay, California, USA. Our goal was to elucidate the role that species-specific properties of phytoplankton play in thin layer dynamics. Using adaptive sampling, we collected water samples from inside and outside bio-optical features of the water column. Characterization of the phytoplankton was compiled from live and preserved samples, and analyzed within a framework of physical, optical, chemical and acoustical data. In both years, Monterey Bay was home to an extraordinarily diverse assemblage of phytoplankton and other protists. Bioluminescent dinoflagellates, and Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) taxa were common. In 2005, community assemblages were widespread, thus advection of water through the experimental mooring array did not result in floristic changes. In 2006 phytoplankton were very patchy in horizontal distribution, and advection of water through the array was at times accompanied by dramatic shifts in community composition. Individual taxa often exhibited disparate patterns of vertical distribution, with some found throughout the water column, whereas others were restricted to narrow depth intervals. Thin layers were observed in both years. In 2005, the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea formed intense thin layers near the pycnocline at night, and migrated to near surface waters at dawn. In 2006, layer composition was more complex, and related to the water mass present at the time of sampling. Optically detected thin layers of phytoplankton can be studied from the perspective of the impact their high biomass has on both ecological processes, and ocean optics. But thin layers can also be studied from the species-specific perspective of each organism, its role within the thin layer habitat, and the impact that life within a thin layer has on its life history and ecology. Several low-abundance taxa appeared to be restricted to narrow depth intervals in the water column, and constitute species-specific thin layers with the potential to have a large ecological impact even if their biomass is too low to dominate an optically defined thin layer. Concentration into thin layers may also facilitate obligatory relationships between taxa, such as the hypothesized interrelationships between cryptomonads, Myrionecta rubra, and Dinophysis spp., all of which were observed in this system. Complexity of vertical structure in Monterey Bay rivals that already demonstrated in topographically constrained, stratified systems, and presents challenges to our theoretical framework of phytoplankton ecology.
机译：在2005年和2006年夏季，在美国加利福尼亚州的蒙特利湾进行了旨在了解致密浓缩的浮游生物薄层特性及其动力学控制过程的实验。我们的目标是阐明浮游植物的特定物种特性在薄层动力学中的作用。使用自适应采样，我们从水柱的内部和外部生物光学特征中收集了水样。浮游植物的特征来自活的和保存的样本，并在物理，光学，化学和声学数据的框架内进行了分析。在这两年中，蒙特利湾都是浮游植物和其他原生生物组成的极其多样化的聚集地。生物发光的鞭毛藻和有害藻华（HAB）类群是常见的。在2005年，社区聚集现象非常普遍，因此通过实验性系泊设备对水进行平流并没有导致植物区系的变化。在2006年，浮游植物的水平分布非常不规则，通过阵列的水流平流有时伴随着群落组成的剧烈变化。单个分类单元通常表现出不同的垂直分布模式，其中一些遍及水柱，而另一些则限于狭窄的深度范围。两年都观察到薄层。 2005年，甲鞭毛藻赤潮在晚上在比考克林附近形成了强烈的薄层，并在黎明时迁移到近地表水域。在2006年，层组成更加复杂，并且与采样时存在的水量有关。光学浮游植物的薄层可以从其高生物量对生态过程和海洋光学的影响的角度进行研究。但是，也可以从每种生物的物种特定角度，其在薄层栖息地中的作用以及薄层中的生命对其生命历史和生态的影响来研究薄层。几个低丰度分类单元似乎被限制在水柱中较窄的深度范围内，并且构成了特定物种的薄层，即使它们的生物量太低而无法控制光学定义的薄层，也可能具有较大的生态影响。集中到薄层中还可以促进类群之间的强制性关系，例如，在该系统中观察到的假单胞菌，桃金娘和桃金娘属之间的假设相互关系。蒙特利湾竞争对手的垂直结构的复杂性已经在地形受限，分层的系统中得到了证明，并且对我们的浮游植物生态学理论框架提出了挑战。

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