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The basis of the stress reaction

机译：压力反应的基础

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The ubiquitous presence of stressful stimuli makes stress one of the most important causes of physiological or pathophysiological changes in an organism during its entire lifespan. The stressors can be divided (according to their nature) into physical, chemical, psychological, social and disturbing cardiovascular/metabolic homeostasis effects, which can affect multiple systems. Here we emphasize that although stress is classified according to its nature, multiple mechanisms are affected. We will focus on mechanisms of stress reaction with the aim of maximal brevity. The pathways that are activated in response to stressful stimuli with respect to specific types of stressors are described. The central processing of a stress response comprises central aminergic neurons, non-catecholaminergic brainstem neurons, hypothalamic nuclei and structures of the limbic system. As a response, specific efferent pathways are activated. Special attention is given to stress effects in the central nervous system and vital functions (heart function and respiration).
机译：压力刺激的普遍存在使压力成为生物在整个生命周期中生理或病理生理变化的最重要原因之一。压力源可以根据其性质分为物理，化学，心理，社会和令人不安的心血管/新陈代谢稳态，这些效应会影响多个系统。在这里，我们强调，尽管压力是根据其性质分类的，但多种机制会受到影响。我们将以最大程度的简洁为重点，关注压力反应的机制。描述了针对特定类型的应激源响应应激刺激而激活的途径。应激反应的中央过程包括中央胺能神经元，非儿茶酚胺能脑干神经元，下丘脑核和边缘系统的结构。作为响应，特定的传出途径被激活。特别注意中枢神经系统和重要功能（心脏功能和呼吸）的压力作用。

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