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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Effect of Auxin Inhibitors on Fruit Growth and Fruit Set of 'Mclntosh', 'Delicious' and 'Golden Delicious' Apples
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Effect of Auxin Inhibitors on Fruit Growth and Fruit Set of 'Mclntosh', 'Delicious' and 'Golden Delicious' Apples

机译：生长素抑制剂对'Mclntosh'，'Delicious'和'Golden Delicious'苹果果实生长和坐果的影响

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摘要

It has been proposed that auxins are intimately involved in the process of fruit abscission in the postbloom period and they may play a central role in the promotion of abscission caused by chemical thinners on apples. A series of experiments were carried out to study the influence that auxin inhibitors may have on fruit set during the fruit development stage when chemical thinners are routinely applied. Three auxin transport inhibitors: 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), N-l-naphthphthalamic acid (NPA), 1-pyrenoylbenzoic acid (PBA), and an inhibitor of auxin action, alpha-(p-chlorophenoxy) isobutryic acid (PCIB) were selected. TIBA was incorporated into lanolin at concentrations of 200 and 500 mg L~(-1). When 'Mclntosh' fruit were approximately 10 mm in diameter spurs were selected that contained 2 fruit of the same size. Lanolin containing 200 mg L~(-1) TIBA was applied to the pedicel of 0, 1 or 2 fruit per cluster. Fruit size was periodically measured. TIBA had no influence on either fruit growthor final fruit set. Another experiment was done on 'Mclntosh' where spurs were selected that contained just one fruit. TIBA at 0, 200, and 500 mg L~(-1) in lanolin were applied to the pedicels of 15 fruit per tree. No treatment influenced fruit set at the end of the June drop. Lanolin paste containing 500 mg L~(-1) NPA was prepared. A solution containing 500 mg L~(-1) PCIB with 1% Regulaid surfactant was prepared. Forty spurs per tree containing 1 fruit were tagged on 'Mclntosh' and 'Golden Delicious'when fruit size was 11 to 14 mm in diameter. The pedicels on two sets of 10 spurs were treated with 300 mg L~(-1) NPA. Fruit and leaves of one set of spurs were sprayed with 500 mg L~(-1) and to another set that previously was treated with NPA. One set of spurs remained untreated and served as the control. Fruit growth was followed for 3 weeks and final fruit set was taken at the end of June drop. Spurs were tagged on 'Miller Sturdyspur Delicious' when fruit size was approximately 10 mm in diameter, then lanolin containing 250 mg L~(-1) TIBA, NPA or PBA was applied to sets of 10 spurs per tree. Two weeks after application all auxin transport inhibitors reduced final set significantly and comparably to about 40%, compared with that of the untreated control. No treatment influenced fruit growth or fruit set on 'Mclntosh'. The majority of fruit treated with NPA either alone or with PCIB slowed growth and ultimately abscised on the 'Golden Delicious' trees. While auxin inhibitors clearly stimulated earlyabscission, the probable role of auxin was not clearly demonstrated in this investigation because no inhibitor caused abscission on 'Mclntosh' apples.
机译：有人提出，在花后时期，植物生长素与水果的脱落过程密切相关，它们在促进苹果化学稀释剂引起的脱落过程中起着核心作用。进行了一系列实验，研究了在常规应用化学稀释剂的情况下，生长素抑制剂对果实发育阶段果实结实的影响。三种生长素转运抑制剂：2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸（TIBA），N1-萘邻苯二甲酸（NPA），1-吡啶基苯甲酸（PBA）和生长素作用抑制剂α-（对氯苯氧基）异丁酸（选择PCIB）。将TIBA以200和500 mg L〜（-1）的浓度掺入羊毛脂中。当'Mclntosh'果实的直径约为10毫米时，则选择包含2个相同大小的果实的刺。将含200 mg L〜（-1）TIBA的羊毛脂应用于每簇0、1或2个水果的花梗。定期测量果实大小。 TIBA对水果生长或最终结实均无影响。在“ Mclntosh”上进行了另一项实验，选择了只含有一种水果的马刺。将羊毛脂中0、200和500 mg L〜（-1）的TIBA应用于每棵树上15个果实的花梗。 6月底果实下降时，没有任何处理影响果实坐果。制备了含500 mg L〜（-1）NPA的羊毛脂糊。制备了含有500 mg L〜（-1）PCIB和1％Regulaid表面活性剂的溶液。当直径为11到14毫米时，每棵包含1个果实的40个马刺被标记在“ Mclntosh”和“ Golden Delicious”上。用300 mg L〜（-1）NPA处理两组10个骨刺上的花梗。用500 mg L〜（-1）喷洒一组马刺的果实和叶子，然后喷洒到先前用NPA处理过的另一组。一组马刺未经处理并作为对照。随后进行了3周的果实生长，并在6月底下降时采摘了最终果实。当果实的直径大约为10毫米时，将马刺标记在“米勒健壮的米勒”上，然后将包含250 mg L〜（-1）TIBA，NPA或PBA的羊毛脂施加到每棵树上的10个马刺上。施用后两周，与未处理的对照组相比，所有的生长素转运抑制剂均显着降低了最终凝结率，并降低了约40％。没有任何处理会影响“ Mclntosh”上的水果生长或坐果。单独使用NPA或使用PCIB处理的大多数水果会减慢生长速度，最终消失在“金色美味”树上。尽管生长素抑制剂明显促进了早期脱落，但本研究并未明确证明生长素的可能作用，因为没有抑制剂引起“ Mclntosh”苹果脱落。

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