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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Mechanisms of Dormancy Regulation
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Mechanisms of Dormancy Regulation

机译：休眠调节机制

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Dormancy involves a temporary suspension of visible growth of plant structures containing a meristem. Dormancy is an important mechanism ensuring a seasonal synchronization of growth and also contributes to the control of plant architecture. Establishment of the dormant condition in time before the unfavourable season requires sensing and processing of a regular and reliable environmental seasonal signal. Although bud dormancy has been extensively studied, knowledge of the physiological and molecularmechanisms involved is still limited. In temperate trees and shrubs a short day control of growth cessation and dormancy induction has been widely demonstrated. Physiological studies, including our recent studies of the effects of monochromatic red, far-red and blue light on growth and bud formation, have pointed to an important role of the phytochrome system as the daylength sensor and might suggest also a role of one or more blue light receptors. Studies of woody plants with changed expression of phytochromes might suggest that perception of photoperiod is related to levels of phytochromes. Also, recent studies have shown that steady state mRNA levels of different phytochromes in woody plants are affected by daylength. The phytochrome system apparently interacts with biosynthesis of plant hormones, particularly gibberellin. Also, the involvement of abscisic acid in control of dormancy-related processes has been shown. Dormancy induction is associated with reduced rates of cell division, and it appears that these hormones act, at least partly, through their interaction with the mechanisms of cell cycle regulation. In some species, like apple and pear, no effect of photoperiod on growth cessation and dormancy induction has been found, whereas low temperature is highly effective. However, it is a paradox that the same temperature regime that induces dormancy in these species also controls its release. Moreover, in a number of species in which growth cessation occurs under short photoperiod, a low night temperature can bring about growth cessation and bud set even under long days. Bud set under a non-inductive photoperiod has been shown even in daylength-insensitive plants of phytochrome A overexpressing Populus when exposed to a low night temperature. These and other studies indicate that phytochrome action is affected by temperature, and is suggestive of the existence of a photoperiod-independent pathway in addition to a photoperiodic control resulting in growth cessation and bud set. Since temperature under dormancy induction has also been shown to affect the rate of dormancy development as well as strength of dormancy, an understanding of dormancy induction might be a key to understanding dormancy.
机译：休眠涉及包含分生组织的植物结构的可见生长的暂时悬浮。休眠是确保生长季节性同步的重要机制，并且有助于控制植物结构。在不利季节之前及时建立休眠状态，需要感知和处理正常且可靠的环境季节信号。尽管已经对芽休眠进行了广泛研究，但是所涉及的生理和分子机制的知识仍然有限。在温带树木和灌木中，短日控制生长停止和休眠诱导已得到广泛证明。生理研究，包括我们最近对单色红，远红和蓝光对生长和芽形成的影响的研究，指出了植物色素系统作为日长传感器的重要作用，并且可能暗示一种或多种作用蓝光受体。对具有变化的植物色素表达的木本植物的研究可能表明，光周期的感知与植物色素的水平有关。另外，最近的研究表明，木本植物中不同植物色素的稳态mRNA水平受日长的影响。植物色素系统显然与植物激素特别是赤霉素的生物合成相互作用。同样，已经表明脱落酸参与了与休眠有关的过程的控制。休眠诱导与细胞分裂速率降低有关，并且看来这些激素至少部分地通过它们与细胞周期调节机制的相互作用而起作用。在某些物种中，如苹果和梨，未发现光周期对停止生长和诱导休眠的影响，而低温则非常有效。然而，一个矛盾的是，在这些物种中诱发休眠的相同温度机制也控制着其释放。而且，在许多在短的光周期下发生生长停止的物种中，低的夜间温度甚至在长的日子下也可以引起生长停止和芽生。即使在对日长不敏感的植物色素A过度暴露于夜晚的低温下，在对日长不敏感的植物中也显示出在非感应光周期下的芽芽。这些研究和其他研究表明，植物色素的作用受温度的影响，并暗示除了光周期控制外还存在光周期非依赖性途径，导致生长停止和芽集。由于休眠诱导下的温度也已显示出会影响休眠发育的速度以及休眠强度，因此了解休眠诱导可能是理解休眠的关键。

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