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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Biological pest and disease control in greenhouse vegetable production.
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Biological pest and disease control in greenhouse vegetable production.

机译：温室蔬菜生产中的生物病虫害防治。

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Biological pest and disease control (BPDC) involves different control strategies such as biological, mechanical, physical and chemical to reduce diseases or pest insects to a level where economic damage does not occur and public health is protected. However, more BPDC practices need be tried in the greenhouse, where the ecological space is small, as suggested by van Lenteren and Woets (1988) and Paulitz and Belanger (2001). In this study, BPDC was tried in greenhouse vegetable production. Organic materials, such as crop residues, hay, leaves and twigs were placed along both sides in the polyethylene greenhouse. Spiders and Carabidae thrived in the organic materials. A brassica leafy vegetable was grown and then tomato was intercropped with the brassica. Microbial fermentation with herbs was sprayed on the tomato plants. The spiders controlled the insects on leafy brassica effectively. The Carabidae controlled aphids on tomato plants and decreased the risk of fungus and virus infections. In the relay intercropping system, the leafy vegetables absorbed the excess mineralized nitrogen when the young tomato seedlings did not need as much nitrogen nutrition. Therefore, the tomato crop did not receive excess nitrogen and the tomato plants were less infected by leaf blight and yielded more fruit, especially at the later growth stages. A farm preparation with an herb, Zanthoxylum, fermented with a microbial inoculant (EM, effective microorganisms) controlled aphids on brassica effectively, and in the same way, Ginkgo and neem controlled whiteflies effectively on tomato. In conclusion, it is possible to use multiple biological practices to control diseases and pests in a greenhouse to an acceptable level of damage. The key points are: (1) to create a biodiversity for enough predators to suppress pest insects; (2) to grow a healthy crop by limiting the nitrate supply; and (3) to use integrated management including plant materials as an auxiliary control practice.
机译：生物虫害和疾病控制（BPDC）涉及不同的控制策略，例如生物，机械，物理和化学控制，以将疾病或虫害减少到不会发生经济损害并保护公共健康的水平。但是，如van Lenteren和Woets（1988）以及Paulitz和Belanger（2001）所建议的，需要在生态空间很小的温室中尝试更多的BPDC实践。在这项研究中，BPDC在温室蔬菜生产中得到了尝试。将有机材料（例如农作物残留物，干草，树叶和树枝）沿聚乙烯温室的两侧放置。蜘蛛和蜘蛛科在有机材料中蓬勃发展。种植芸苔叶类蔬菜，然后将番茄与芸苔间作。将用草药进行的微生物发酵喷雾到番茄植株上。蜘蛛有效地控制了多叶芸苔属上的昆虫。 Carabidae控制了番茄植物上的蚜虫，并降低了真菌和病毒感染的风险。在间作套作系统中，当年轻的番茄幼苗不需要太多的氮营养时，叶类蔬菜吸收了过量的矿化氮。因此，番茄作物没有接受过量的氮，并且番茄植株较少受到叶枯病的侵害，并产生更多的果实，尤其是在后期生长阶段。一种用草药花椒（Zanthoxylum）制成的农场制剂，在微生物上有效地控制了芸苔上的微生物接种剂（EM，有效微生物），并且以同样的方式，在番茄上有效地防治了银杏和印度ne树。总之，可以采用多种生物学方法将温室中的病虫害控制在可接受的水平。关键点是：（1）为足够的捕食者创造生物多样性以抑制害虫; （2）通过限制硝酸盐的供应来种植健康的农作物; （3）使用包括植物材料在内的综合管理作为辅助控制措施。

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