Overcoming Constraints to the Establishment of Collaborative Marketing Groups for Coffee Growers in the Highlands of PNG.

Murray-Prior R.; Sengere R.; Batt P.J.

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Overcoming Constraints to the Establishment of Collaborative Marketing Groups for Coffee Growers in the Highlands of PNG.

机译：克服在巴布亚新几内亚高地建立咖啡种植者合作营销小组的障碍。

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In PNG, colonial governments promoted both cooperatives and Rural Progress Societies with many established in pre- and post-colonial times. Most failed due to abuse of process, mismanagement and mistrust although there is evidence that cooperatives can survive with close monitoring of management. Despite these failures governments, aid agencies and NGOs still promote them to link semi-subsistence farmers to profitable markets. While cooperatives may be desirable for linking semi-subsistence farmers to profitable markets, given their previous history in PNG, new systems need to found to ensure their sustainability. This paper reviews literature on collaborative groups and uses case-study evidence from two existing collaborative structures in the coffee industry that address some of the reasons for failure. The structures include an alliance between the cooperative and a commercial company. Political theory is also hypothesised to provide some theoretical insights for structuring cooperatives in some transitional economies.

机译：在巴布亚新几内亚，殖民地政府促进了合作社和农村进步协会的发展，其中许多是在殖民前和殖民后时期建立的。大多数失败是由于滥用流程，管理不善和不信任造成的，尽管有证据表明合作社可以在密切监控下生存下来。尽管政府失败，援助机构和非政府组织仍在推动他们将半自给自足的农民与有利可图的市场联系起来。尽管合作社对于将半自给自足的农民与有利可图的市场联系起来可能是可取的，但鉴于他们以前在巴布亚新几内亚的历史，需要建立新的系统来确保其可持续性。本文回顾了有关协作小组的文献，并使用了来自咖啡行业两个现有协作结构的案例研究证据，这些案例研究了一些失败的原因。这些结构包括合作社与商业公司之间的联盟。还假设政治理论为在一些转型经济体中建立合作社提供一些理论见解。

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《Acta Horticulturae》 |2009年第831期|共7页
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Murray-Prior R.; Sengere R.; Batt P.J.;
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1. Overcoming Constraints to the Establishment of Collaborative Marketing Groups for Coffee Growers in the Highlands of PNG. [J] . Murray-Prior R., Sengere R., Batt P.J. Acta Horticulturae . 2009,第831期

机译：克服在巴布亚新几内亚高地建立咖啡种植者合作营销小组的障碍。
2. Constraints Faced by Guava Growers in Adoption of Guava Production Technology and Suggestions for Suitable Extension Strategies to Overcome the Problem in Bijnor District of UP [J] . Desh Pal Singh, Satya Prakash, Vikas Kumar, International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry . 2020,第22期

机译：番石榴种植者所面临的制约因素采用番石榴生产技术和建议，以克服Bijnor区的问题
3. Westfalia promotes collaborative approach to marketing: Representing a significant share of the South African export crop, the avocado export marketer is driving forward a number of projects designed to improve the supply chain and benefit growers [J] . Eurofruit . 2007,第396期

机译：Westfalia促进了营销的协同方法：代表南非出口作物的大量份额，鳄梨出口营销人员推动了一些旨在改善供应链和受益种植者的项目
4. The Role of Arabica Coffee in Local Economic Development in Highland of Simalungun District, North Sumatera, Indonesia [C] . Jef Rudiantho Saragih International Conference on Life, Innovation, Change and Knowledge . 2019

机译：阿拉伯科咖啡在印度尼西亚北苏马特南部区苏门伦区高地地方经济发展中的作用
5. Substituting the state: The effects of the National Federation of Colombian Coffee-Growers on democratic behaviors and attitudes [D] . Faughnan, Brian Matthew 2013

机译：代替国家：哥伦比亚咖啡种植者全国联合会对民主行为和态度的影响
6. How Fair Is Fair-Trade: How Much Do Coffee Buyers Know About Grower Food Security Nutrition? (P04-080-19) [O] . Nina Schlossman, Roberta Lauretti-Bernhard, Amanda Bridges 2019

机译：公平贸易有多公平：咖啡购买者对种植者的食品安全和营养了解多少？（P04-080-19）
7. Report drawn up on behalf of the Committee on Regional Policy and Regional Planning on the proposals from the Commission of the European Communities to the Council for I. a Regulation amending Regulation (EEC) No 2617/80 instituting a specific Community regional development measure contributing to overcoming constraints on the development of new economic activities in certain zones adversely affected by restructuring of the shipbuilding industry; II. a Regulation amending Regulation (EEC) No 219/84 instituting a specific Community regional development measure contributing to overcoming constraints on the development of new economic activities in certain zones adversely affected by restructuring of the textile and clothing industry; III. a Regulation amending Regulation (EEC) No 2619/80 instituting a specific Community regional development measure contributing to the improvement of the economic and social situation of the border areas of Ireland and Northern Ireland; IV. a Regulation instituting a specific Community regional development measure contributing to the development of new economic activities in certain zones affected by the implementation of the Community fishery policy (COM (84) 715 final - Doc. 2-1556/84); and for V. a Regulation relating to the establishment of specific Community regional development measures in 1985 and amending Regulation (EEC) No 1787/84 (Com (85) 243 final - Doc. C2-52/85). Working Documents 1985-1986, Document A2-72/85, 3 July 1985 [O] . Hutton Alasdair M. 1985

机译：代表区域政策和区域规划委员会就欧洲共同体委员会向理事会提出的建议提出的报告。修订条例（EEC）第2617/80号条例，制定了一项特定的共同体区域发展措施，克服对造船业结构调整不利影响的某些地区新经济活动发展的限制; II。修订法规（EEC）第219/84号条例，制定一项特定的共同体区域发展措施，有助于克服在某些区域发展新经济活动的限制因纺织和服装业重组而受到不利影响; III。修订条例（EEC）第2619/80号条例，制定一项特定的共同体区域发展措施，有助于改善爱尔兰和北爱尔兰边境地区的经济和社会状况; IV。 a制定特定社区区域发展措施的法规，有助于在受共同体渔业政策实施影响的某些地区开展新的经济活动（COm（84）715 final - Doc.2-1556 / 84）;以及关于1985年制定具体的共同体区域发展措施和修订条例（EEC）No 1787/84（Com（85）243 final - Doc.C2-52 / 85）的规定。工作文件1985-1986，文件a2-72 / 85，1985年7月3日

Overcoming Constraints to the Establishment of Collaborative Marketing Groups for Coffee Growers in the Highlands of PNG.

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