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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Disease and pest constraints in banana production.
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Disease and pest constraints in banana production.

机译：香蕉生产中的病虫害限制。

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Diseases and pests of edible banana probably first became problems when certain genotypes were grown as monocultures. Fusarium wilt and Sigatoka leaf spot were the first diseases to limit production of ‘Gros Michel’ (AAA genome), the first export banana cultivar grown in the Americas. Cultivars in the Cavendish subgroup (AAA genome), which produce the current export bananas, are very susceptible to black leaf streak. This disease has spread globally and replaced the less virulent Sigatoka leaf spot as the dominant leaf spot in most locations. Other fungal diseases important in some regions include the Cavendish-attacking strains of Fusarium wilt, eumusae leaf spot, freckle and Cladosporium speckle. The pathogen causing Moko bacterial wilt originated on native Heliconia in the Americas. Introduced banana became a new host. Blood bacterial wilt and Xanthomonas wilt are other bacterial diseases locally important in Indonesia and East Africa respectively. Bunchy top and bract mosaic are damaging virus diseases, which have a limited distribution at present. Virus diseases mosaic and streak are less damaging, but more widespread. Pre- and post-harvest diseases of fruit also cause losses. The burrowing nematode is the most important root parasite of banana in lowland tropical areas, and the most damaging banana insect pest is the rhizome-attacking banana weevil. The development of aseptic shoot-tip culture methods has enabled selected banana germplasm to be multiplied quickly and has reduced many of the risks associated with the international movement of germplasm. A major drawback to breeding for resistance has been the sterility of the popular Cavendish clones. However, genetic engineering and other biotechnology-based approaches to improvement are viable alternative methods. Chemical control has been employed successfully in the past to counter pests and pathogens, but resistance to fungicides and pesticides is becoming a major issue. Biological control methods are being employed more often in integrated pest management programmes.
机译：当某些基因型作为单一栽培种种植时，食用香蕉的病虫害可能首先成为问题。镰刀菌枯萎病和Sigatoka叶斑病是限制“ Gros Michel”（AAA基因组）生产的首个疾病，“ Gros Michel”是在美洲种植的首个出口香蕉品种。卡文迪许亚组（AAA基因组）中产生当前出口香蕉的品种非常容易出现黑叶条纹。该病已在全球蔓延，并取代了毒性较弱的Sigatoka叶斑，成为大多数地区的主要叶斑。在某些地区，其他重要的真菌病还包括镰刀菌枯萎病的卡文迪什毒株，乐草叶斑病，雀斑和白斑病。引起Moko细菌枯萎的病原体起源于美洲的天然Heliconia。引进的香蕉成为新的宿主。血液细菌枯萎病和黄单胞菌枯萎病分别是印度尼西亚和东非当地重要的其他细菌性疾病。束顶和片花叶是有害的病毒疾病，目前分布有限。病毒性疾病的花叶病和条纹危害较小，但分布更广。水果的收获前和收获后疾病也会造成损失。穴居线虫是低地热带地区香蕉最重要的根寄生物，破坏性最大的香蕉害虫是根茎侵袭性香蕉象鼻虫。无菌芽尖培养方法的发展使选定的香蕉种质得以迅速繁殖，并减少了与种质国际转移相关的许多风险。繁殖抗性的主要缺点是流行的卡文迪许克隆的不育性。但是，基因工程和其他基于生物技术的改进方法是可行的替代方法。过去，化学防治已成功地用于防治害虫和病原体，但是对杀真菌剂和杀虫剂的抗药性已成为一个主要问题。生物防治方法在病虫害综合防治计划中越来越多地被采用。

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    《Acta Horticulturae》 |2009年第828期|共16页
  • 作者

    Jones D.R.;

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