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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Breeding banana for combined resistance to Fusarium wilt and nematodes in Tamil Nadu, India.
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Breeding banana for combined resistance to Fusarium wilt and nematodes in Tamil Nadu, India.

机译：在印度泰米尔纳德邦选育香蕉以对抗枯萎病和线虫病。

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摘要

Banana production in India is severely threatened by Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), and various nematode species, resulting in considerable loss to growers. Effective management and plant protection practices cannot guarantee full control. Further, chemical control may cause damage to the environment. An alternative is to develop new banana hybrids with resistance or tolerance to Fusarium wilt and nematodes. 25 synthetic parthenocarpic hybrids (7 diploids, 2 triploids and 16 tetraploids) have been produced in a breeding programme in Tamil Nadu, India. These hybrids along with their parents were screened for reaction to Foc race 1, employing a root inoculation technique undertaken on potted plants. The hybrids and parents were also screened against Pratylenchus coffeae in pots and against mixed populations of P. coffeae, Radopholus similis and Helicotylenchus multicinctus under field conditions. Among the 25 hybrids screened, 9 exhibited resistance to Foc race 1 while 1 showed resistance and 6 showed tolerance to the nematodes. Many of the hybrids that appeared resistant to nematodes under field conditions were found to be tolerant in pots. 1 tetraploid hybrid ‘H-02-34’ (AABB), a cross between ‘Pisang Awak’ (ABB) ×’ (AAA), and a triploid hybrid ‘NPH 02.01’ (AAB), a cross between ‘H-201’ (AB) × ‘Anaikomban’ (AA), had resistance to Foc race 1 and tolerance to nematodes. The reaction of ‘NPH 02.01’ was confirmed in field trials over a 2-year period. The potential of these 2 hybrids is discussed. An estimation of the activities of enzymes, such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and beta-1-3 glucanase, revealed that resistant parents and hybrids had higher activities than susceptible ones.
机译：印度尖孢镰刀菌f引起的枯萎病严重威胁了印度的香蕉生产。 sp。立方（Foc）和各种线虫种类，给种植者造成相当大的损失。有效的管理和植物保护措施不能保证完全控制。此外，化学控制可能会破坏环境。一种替代方法是开发对香蕉枯萎病和线虫有抗性或耐受性的新香蕉杂交种。在印度泰米尔纳德邦的育种计划中，已经生产了25个合成单性结实杂种（7个二倍体，2个三倍体和16个四倍体）。利用在盆栽植物上进行的根接种技术，筛选了这些杂种及其亲本对Foc第1种族的反应。在田间条件下，还对杂种和亲本在盆栽中对Prattylenchus coffeae进行筛选，并针对P. coffeae，Radopholus similis和Helicotylenchus multicinctus的混合种群进行筛选。在筛选的25个杂种中，有9个对Foc第1种具有抗性，而1个有抗性，而6个对线虫有耐性。发现在田间条件下对线虫有抗性的许多杂种在盆中是耐性的。 1个四倍体杂种'H-02-34'（AABB），'Pisang Awak'（ABB）×'（AAA）之间的杂交，和三倍体杂种'NPH 02.01'（AAB），'H-201'之间的杂交（AB）×'Anaikomban'（AA），具有对Foc第1种族的抵抗力和对线虫的耐受力。经过2年的现场试验证实了“ NPH 02.01”的反应。讨论了这两种杂种的潜力。对诸如苯丙氨酸氨裂合酶，多酚氧化酶，过氧化物酶和β-1-3葡聚糖酶等酶活性的估计表明，抗性亲本和杂种的活性高于易感亲本和杂种。

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