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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >In vitro culture techniques for conservation of date palm germplasmin in Arab countries.
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In vitro culture techniques for conservation of date palm germplasmin in Arab countries.

机译：阿拉伯国家保存枣椰树种质素的体外培养技术。

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摘要

Great numbers of date palm trees have been lost in Arab countries due to diseases (Morocco), destruction of habitats (Egypt) and wars (Iraq). Expansion of date palm plantations and replanting trees to compensate loss caused by diseases or man-made factors are restricted due to lack of adequate propagation and conservation methods. The sexual propagation method cannot be used commercially for propagation of the cultivars of interest in a true-to-type manner. In the vegetative conventional propagation, few numbers of offshoots are produced from the mothers in their juvenile life cycle. Moreover, conservation of date palm germplasms is difficult-to-store in the form of offshoots or in field collections. Tissue culture and molecular biology techniques have great potential for the collecting, multiplication and storage of date palm germplasm. In vitro storage methods have been developed for preservation of date palm germplasm which can be used extensively for the international exchange of germplasm because of their obvious advantages over in vivo material, notably their reduced weight and volume, and phytosanitary conditions. Moreover, plant material can thus be multiplied, stored and exchanged in a disease-free state. The results of our studies indicate that short and mid-term periods of storage of date palm tissue cultures were recognized by controlling of environmental growth conditions and nutrient media composition. Long-term storage has been achieved by in vitro cryopreservation. Moreover, encapsulation of somatic embryos in alginate beads has been recognized recently as a possible way of germplasm exchange in date palm varieties. Otherwise, molecular biology techniques and their uses in the conservation, evaluation and utilization of genetic resources have been used for characterization and detection of genetic stability of the conserved date palm tissue cultures. This article presents the methods and aspects of plant biotechnology used for management and conservation of date palm germplasms.
机译：由于疾病（摩洛哥），栖息地遭到破坏（埃及）和战争（伊拉克），阿拉伯国家大量的枣椰子树已经消失。由于缺乏适当的繁殖和保护方法，限制了枣椰林和补植树的种植以补偿疾病或人为因素造成的损失。有性繁殖方法不能在商业上用于以真实类型的方式繁殖目标品种。在传统的无性繁殖中，母亲在其幼年生命周期中产生的分支数量很少。此外，枣树种质的保存很难以分支或野外收集的形式存储。组织培养和分子生物学技术在枣椰种质的收集，繁殖和贮藏方面具有巨大潜力。已经开发出用于保存枣椰子种质的体外保存方法，由于它们比体内材料明显的优势，特别是它们的重量和体积减少以及植物检疫条件，可广泛用于国际种质交换。此外，植物材料因此可以在无病的状态下繁殖，储存和交换。我们的研究结果表明，通过控制环境生长条件和营养培养基成分，可以识别出枣树组织培养物的短期和中期贮藏。通过体外冷冻保存已经实现了长期保存。此外，近来公认将体细胞胚包封在藻酸盐珠中是椰枣品种中种质交换的一种可能方式。否则，分子生物学技术及其在遗传资源的保存，评估和利用中的用途已用于表征和检测保守枣椰树组织培养物的遗传稳定性。本文介绍了用于枣椰种质管理和保存的植物生物技术的方法和方面。

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