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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Properly timed foliar fertilization can and should result in a yield benefit and net increase in grower income.
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Properly timed foliar fertilization can and should result in a yield benefit and net increase in grower income.

机译：适当地进行叶面施肥可以而且应该导致增产效益和种植者收入的净增加。

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Foliar fertilization reduces nutrient accumulation in soil, run-off and groundwater, where they contribute to salinity, eutrophication or nitrate contamination, with negative consequences to humans and the environment. Soil-applied fertilizers should be replaced in part with foliar-applied fertilizers. Foliar fertilizers can meet the crop's nutrient demand when soil temperature, moisture, pH, or salinity renders soil-applied fertilizers ineffective. Applying nutrients directly to leaves ensures that the plant's photosynthetic machinery is not compromised by low availability of an essential nutrient. Foliar-applied phloem-mobile nutrients are translocated to all plant parts, even feeder roots. However, not all nutrients are taken up through leaves and, even if taken up, some nutrients are not phloem mobile. Foliar fertilizer rates are typically lower than soil fertilizer rates, but application can be more costly. The goal of our research is to properly time the application of foliar fertilizers at specific stages of tree phenology, when nutrient demand is likely high, to increase yield, fruit size or quality, such that foliar fertilization results in a net increase in grower income even when the tree is not nutrient deficient by standard leaf analysis. A single foliar application of zinc sulphate to Citrus sinensis, 'Washington' navel orange, at 10% anthesis significantly increased fruit set through harvest in January, without impact on fruit size or quality. Later applications reduced fruit set. Winter (December) prebloom foliar application of low-biuret urea to C. reticulate, 'Nules' Clementine mandarin, increased 2-year cumulative yield of commercially valuable fruit (transverse diameter 63.51-69.85 mm) as both kg and number of fruit per tree with no effect on total yield or fruit quality. Earlier or later applications were without effect. Foliar application of potassium phosphite to Persea Americana, 'Hass', at the cauliflower stage of inflorescence development significantly increased 3-year cumulative yield (kg and number of fruit per tree) of commercially valuable fruit (178-325 g per fruit) compared to trees receiving foliar- or soil-applied potassium phosphate. All cases resulted in a net increase in grower income.
机译：叶面肥减少了土壤，径流和地下水中的养分积累，它们在土壤中造成盐分，富营养化或硝酸盐污染，对人类和环境造成负面影响。土壤施用的肥料应部分替换为叶面施用的肥料。当土壤温度，湿度，pH或盐分使土壤施肥无效时，叶面肥料可以满足作物的营养需求。将营养素直接施用到叶片上可确保植物的光合作用机制不会因必需营养素的利用率低而受到损害。叶面施用的韧皮部流动性养分转移到所有植物部位，甚至是饲养者的根部。但是，并非所有营养素都通过叶片吸收，即使吸收了，某些营养素也不能通过韧皮部移动。叶面肥料的施用量通常低于土壤肥料的施用量，但施用成本可能更高。我们的研究目标是在树物物候期的特定阶段适当地定时施用叶面肥，当养分需求量很高时，可以增加产量，果实大小或品质，从而使叶面施肥甚至可以使种植者的收入净增加。当通过标准叶片分析确定该树的营养不足时。花青素含量为10％的单叶硫酸锌施用于“华盛顿”脐橙，显着增加了1月份收获时的坐果率，而没有影响果实的大小或品质。以后的应用减少了坐果。冬季（12月）将低缩脲尿素在花前叶上施用至iC。网状的'Nules'柑桔柑桔增加了具有商业价值的水果（横向直径63.51-69.85 mm）的2年累积产量，无论是树的公斤数还是果实数均对总产量或果实品质没有影响。早期或以后的应用程序均无效。在花序发育的花椰菜阶段将亚磷酸钾叶面喷施到 Persea Americana “ Hass”上，可显着提高商业上有价值的水果（178-与接受叶面或土壤施用磷酸钾的树木相比，每个水果325克）。所有情况均导致种植者收入净增加。

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