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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >The temperate fruit tree industry in Afghanistan: economic and food security importance as a sustainable alternative livelihood.
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The temperate fruit tree industry in Afghanistan: economic and food security importance as a sustainable alternative livelihood.

机译：阿富汗的温带​​果树产业：经济和粮食安全作为可持续替代生计的重要性。

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Twenty years ago the fruit industry sector was one of the pillars of the Afghan economy, contributing over 40% of total export earnings due to the production of mainly dry fruits, and also quality fresh ones. The war and civil strife, and the last three years the drought have contributed to the decline of the sector. The Afghan environment is very suitable for the cultivation of a wide range of horticultural species. The cultivation of deciduous and subtropical fruit species has also been traditionally practised. However, with the exception of grape, the production of most of the fruit crops is characterized by poor quality and low yield, resulting in uncompetitive produce on the international market. Raisins are economically the largest part of the horticultural crop in Afghanistan and are also its primary export commodity. In Afghanistan over 50% of children, younger than five years, are estimated to be chronically malnourished. 68% of mean kilocalories per day per capita come from cereals and the consumption of fruits and vegetables during the winter months is very little. The development of horticulture and its agribusiness could enhance the employment and the wealth of poor people but at low wage rates, forcing many of them to migrate to urban areas or neighbouring countries, because of the limited capacity of agriculture in Afghanistan to absorb the growing work force. During the last years, as it will be in the next, the cultivated irrigated areas have increased to poppy benefit because the farmers reach the aims of the availability of cash and the guarantee of secure food for their families.
机译：二十年前，水果产业是阿富汗经济的支柱之一，由于主要生产干果以及优质新鲜水果，对阿富汗出口总收入的贡献超过40％。战争和内乱，以及最近三年的干旱导致该部门的衰落。阿富汗的环境非常适合多种园艺物种的种植。传统上也进行了落叶和亚热带水果种类的种植。但是，除葡萄外，大多数水果作物的产量均以质量差和单产低为特征，从而导致国际市场上的农产品缺乏竞争力。葡萄干在经济上是阿富汗园艺作物的最大部分，也是其主要的出口商品。在阿富汗，估计有50％以上的5岁以下的儿童长期营养不良。人均每天大卡的68％来自谷物，在冬季，水果和蔬菜的消费很少。园艺及其农业综合企业的发展可以提高穷人的就业机会和财富，但工资水平低，由于阿富汗农业吸收工作量有限的能力，迫使其中许多人迁移到城市地区或邻国力。在过去的几年中，因为即将到来的第二年，耕种的灌溉面积增加了罂粟的收益，因为农民达到了获得现金和为家人保证食物安全的目的。

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