Conservation and use of palm trees in Brazil's landscaping.

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Conservation and use of palm trees in Brazil's landscaping.

机译：巴西园林绿化中棕榈树的保护和利用。

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Palm trees belong to the Arecaceae family and are widely utilized in landscaping of tropical countries. Although there are many species, just a few are used in Brazil's landscaping, the majority coming from other countries. So, this study had the objective to characterize the plants in the collection of palm trees at UNESP/FCAV, Campus of Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The germination of seeds was also studied to increase the production of seedlings for use in landscaping, as this is the biggest difficulty for spreading new species. The introduction of new species in the collection was accomplished. It was also made a survey of major pests and diseases that occur in the collection. The most common pests found were: Brassolis sophorae, Parisoschoenus obesulus, Rhynchophorus palmarum and Coraliomela sp., and the most common disease causing fungi: Colletrotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Bipolaris sp., Helminthosporium sp., Alternaria sp., Phyllosticta sp., Pestalotia sp., Exosporium palmivorum and Ceratocystis pardoxa.

机译：棕榈树属于槟榔科，在热带国家的园林绿化中得到广泛利用。尽管种类很多，但巴西的园林绿化只使用了其中的几种，大部分来自其他国家。因此，本研究的目的是在巴西圣保罗州亚博蒂卡巴尔校区的UNESP / FCAV的棕榈树中表征植物。还研究了种子的发芽，以增加用于美化环境的幼苗的产量，因为这是传播新物种的最大困难。完成了将新物种引入馆藏的工作。还对收集物中发生的主要病虫害进行了调查。发现的最常见的害虫是： Brassolis sophorae ， Parisoschoenus obesulus ， Rhynchophorus palmarum 和 Coraliomela sp。，以及最常见的引起真菌的疾病： Colletrotrichum sp。， Curvularia sp。， Bipolaris sp。， Helminthosporium sp。， Alternaria sp。， Phyllosticta sp。， Pestalotia sp。， Palosivorum 和 Ceratocystis pardoxa 。

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《Acta Horticulturae》 |2010年第2期|共4页
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conservation; fungal diseases; insect pests; landscaping; plant diseases; plant pathogenic fungi; plant pathogens; plant pests; seed germination; seedlings; seeds; Alternaria; Arecaceae; Bipolaris; Brassolis sophorae; Ceratocystis paradoxa; Chrysomelidae; Colletotrichum; Curculionidae; Curvularia; Deuteromycotina; fungi; Helminthosporium; insects; Pestalotia; Phyllosticta; Rhynchophorus palmarum; Pleosporaceae; Pleosporales; Dothideomycetes; Pezizomycotina; Ascomycota; fungi; fungus; eukaryotes; Arecales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Brassolis; Nymphalidae; Lepidoptera; insects; Hexapoda; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; South America; America; Developing Countries; Threshold Countries; Latin America; Ceratocystis; Ceratocystidaceae; Microascales; Sordariomycetes; Coleoptera; Glomerellaceae; Chrysomelidae; Massarinaceae; Curculionidae; Amphisphaeriaceae; Xylariales; Botryosphaeriaceae; Botryosphaeriales; Rhynchophorus; Brazil.;

机译：保护;真菌病;昆虫病虫害;环境美化;植物病害;植物病原真菌;植物病原体;植物病虫害;种子发芽;幼苗;种子;Alternaria;科;菊科;双极类;Brassolis槐;Ceratocystis paradoxa;Chrysomelidae;Colletotrichum;Curculionidae半知;真菌;长蠕孢;昆虫;盘多毛孢;叶点;红棕palmarum;Pleosporaceae;Pleosporales;座囊菌纲;盘菌亚门子囊菌;真菌;真菌;真核细胞;Arecales;单子叶植物;被子植物;种子植物;植物;大翅环蝶属;蛱蝶科;鳞翅目;害虫;六足;节肢动物;无脊椎动物;动物;南美;美洲;发展中国家;门槛国家;拉丁美洲;角藻;角藻;角藻;角鲨科;角鲨科;马鞭藻科;中华角膜藻;波状杆菌;A虫。;

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1. Conservation and use of palm trees in Brazil's landscaping. [J] . Acta Horticulturae . 2010,第881aPta2期

机译：巴西园林绿化中棕榈树的保护和利用。
2. Sustainable yield management of Euterpe edulis Martius (Palmae): a tropical palm tree from the Atlantic tropical forest -- Brazil. [J] . Reis MS dos, Fantini AC, Nodari RO, Journal of Sustainable Forestry . 2000,第3期

机译：Euterpe edulis Martius（Palmae）的可持续产量管理：来自大西洋热带森林-巴西的热带棕榈树。
3. Growth models based on tree-ring data for the Neotropical tree species Calophyllum brasiliense across different Brazilian wetlands: implications for conservation and management [J] . Trees. Structure and Function . 2017,第2期

机译：基于树木数据的生长模型在不同巴西湿地的新营养树种Calophyllum Brasilienss：保护和管理的影响
4. Perspectives in Brazil of the Contribution of Palm Trees to Biodiesel Production [C] . Janaina M. Meyer, Antonio Salatino Pan-American Congress on Plants and BioEnergy . 2014

机译：巴西的观点在巴西棕榈树对生物柴油生产的贡献
5. Conservation gardening and sustainable landscaping. [D] . Brown, Carole. 2009

机译：保护性园艺和可持续美化环境。
6. Ecological Adaptation of Wild Peach Palm Its In Situ Conservation and Deforestation-Mediated Extinction in Southern Brazilian Amazonia [O] . Charles R. Clement, Ronaldo P. Santos, Sylvain J. M. Desmouliere, 2009

机译：巴西南部亚马逊河地区野生桃棕榈的生态适应原位保护和森林砍伐介导的灭绝
7. Figure 8: (A) Tree resulted standard MP analysis of 159,074 bp alignment of complete plastomes of palms (Arecales), Dasypogonales, and Typha latifolia (Poales, Typhaceae) from Barrett et al. (2016) (see their Fig. 4 and Fig. S5), a posteriori rooted relatively the cattail (Typha) (length = 66,788, CI = 0.7363, RI = 0.6109), 119,251 characters are constant, and the number of the parsimonyinformative characters is equal to 19,124; (B) the average consensus tree of the score 0.00755 resulted the analysis of the Hennigian forest of the 25,630 trees derived from the modified binary representation of the original 159,074 bp alignment of complete plastomes of palms (Arecales), Dasypogonales, and Typha latifolia (Poales, Typhaceae) from Barrett et al. (2016) (see “Materials and Methods” for the details). The cattail is assumed to be the best all-plesiomorphic group. “Additional…” FORESTER’s output tree file (see “Materials and Methods” for the details) selected for future analysis; (C) the average consensus tree of the score 0.00760 resulted the analysis of the Hennigian forest of the 25,576 trees, derived from the binary representation of the original 15,9074 bp alignment of the complete plastomes of palms (Arecales), Dasypogonales, and Typha latifolia (Poales, Typhaceae) from Barrett et al. (2016) (see “Materials and Methods” for the details), but with all of the 54 trees, which contain the clade (Cocos nucifera plus Elaeis guineensis) have been removed from the input forest before analysis. [O] . -1

机译：图8：（a）树导致标准MP分析为棕榈（槟榔树），daspophonales和Typha Latifolia（Poales，Typhaceae）的完全塑料的159,074bp对齐。来自Barrett等人。（2016）（见其图4和图4. S5），后验生根相对队伍（TYPHA）（长度= 66,788，CI = 0.7363，RI = 0.6109），119,251个字符是常数的，并且是阳离子信息特征的数量等于19,124; （b）分数的平均共识树0.00755导致25,630棵树的Hennigian森林分析来自原始的棕榈（槟榔树），daspogonal和Typha Latifolia（Poales的Typha Latifolia（Poales来自Barrett等人的Typhaceae）。（2016）（参见“材料和方法”详情）。标志着香烟是最好的全普拉西氏族。 “附加...”Forester的输出树文件（参见“用于未来分析的详细信息”的“材料和方法”; （c）评分的平均共识树0.00760导致25,576棵树的Hennigian森林的分析来自原始的Palms（槟榔的完全塑料，Daspogonal和Typha的原始塑料的二进制表示Latifolia（Poales，Typhaceae）来自Barrett等人。（2016）（参见“材料和方法”的细节），但在分析之前已经从输入森林中除去了所有54棵树（Cocos Nucifera Plus Guineensis）的所有54棵树。

Conservation and use of palm trees in Brazil's landscaping.

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