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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Environmental conditions and essential oil diversity of native Thymus pulegioides populations in highlands of Hungary and in the Carpathians.
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Environmental conditions and essential oil diversity of native Thymus pulegioides populations in highlands of Hungary and in the Carpathians.

机译：匈牙利高地和喀尔巴阡地区百里香原生百里香种群的环境条件和精油多样性。

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摘要

Occurrence, environmental factors and essential oil properties of T. pulegioides populations have been surveyed in highlands of Hungary and in the East Carpathians. Natural populations were found in habitats where base rock (andesite, rhyolite, Pannonian sandstone or salt diapire) facilitated the development of soils with acidic or almost neutral character, like erubase, podzol, meadow or bare soils. From a coenological point of view, T. pulegioides is an element of mountain meadows and hayfields, growing on silicate rocky grasslands or in greenweed-oak forests. Almost all dried flowering shoot samples met the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia Hungarica (2004: min. 0.3 ml/100 g essential oil), with values ranging between 0.01 and 1.50 ml/100 g (mean: 0.41 ml/100 g). Six new chemotypes have been described: carvacrol/thymol; carvacrol/thymol metylether/ gamma -terpinene; geranial/linalyl-acetateeral/linalool; p-cymene/spathulenol/geraniol; beta -caryophyllene/thymol/germacrene D; germacrene D/ beta -caryophyllene/ alpha - and beta -farnesene/spathulenol. We show here for the first time T. pulegioides plants with high thymol and carvacrol contents as well as other chemotypes accumulating high proportions of either thymol methylether, germacrene D, spathulenol or farnesene. Moreover, we have also pointed out the role of sesquiterpenes in the formation of these chemotypes. Correlations have also been found between ecological circumstances and chemotype patterns. With optimal environmental conditions (humid mountain climate), the presence of monoterpene phenolic or lemon scented chemotypes could be determined, while on exposed rock surfaces, the dominance of sesquiterpenes and lower level of volatiles were prevalent. Regarding plant communities, the volatile oil content was lower and the linalool ratio was higher in a steppe slope than in the neighbouring mountain hayfields (near Sovata, Transylvania).
机译：在匈牙利的高地和东喀尔巴阡地区，已经调查了普雷希杆菌的种群的发生，环境因素和精油特性。在基岩（安山岩，流纹岩，潘诺尼砂岩或盐辉石）促进了酸性或几乎中性特征的土壤（如真碱，podzol，草甸或裸露的土壤）的生长的栖息地中发现了自然种群。从生态学的角度来看，Tule pulegioides是山地草甸和草场的元素，生长在硅酸盐岩石草原或翠绿的橡树林中。几乎所有干燥的开花芽样品均符合《匈牙利药典》的要求（2004年：最低0.3 ml / 100 g精油），其值在0.01至1.50 ml / 100 g之间（平均：0.41 ml / 100 g）。已经描述了六种新的化学型：香芹酚/百里酚;香芹酚/百里酚甲基醚/γ-萜品烯;香叶醛/乙酸芳基酯/神经酰胺/芳樟醇;对异丙苯/香豆酚/香叶醇; β-石竹烯/百里香酚/ germacrene D;杀菌剂D /β-石竹烯/α-和β-法呢烯/ spathulenol。我们首次在这里展示百里香酚和香芹酚含量高的其他T. pulegioides植物，以及其他化学型，这些植物积累了高比例的百里香酚甲基醚，胚芽烯D，芦荟酚或法呢烯。此外，我们还指出了倍半萜在这些化学型形成中的作用。还发现了生态环境和化学型之间的关系。在最佳环境条件下（山区气候潮湿），可以确定存在单萜酚或柠檬香气的化学型，而在裸露的岩石表面上，倍半萜的优势和较低的挥发物含量很普遍。关于植物群落，与邻近的山区干草地（特兰西瓦尼亚附近，Sovata附近）相比，草原坡上的挥发油含量更低，芳樟醇比率更高。

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