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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Economic impact of mycotoxins in nuts and dried fruit chain.
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Economic impact of mycotoxins in nuts and dried fruit chain.

机译：霉菌毒素对坚果和干果链的经济影响。

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In the present report, estimation on the global economic losses caused by mycotoxins in nuts and dried fruits has been made. In the economic sense, mycotoxin infestation, contamination and exposure affects growers and processors, with the loss of part of the crop, prevention in the field and storage, border rejections, transportation, tests, etc., as well as governments, in terms of controls costs and public health costs. Within the group of nuts and dried fruits, aflatoxins are found in peanuts, tree nuts and dried figs, while ochratoxin A is found in dried fruits. The toxicity of the mycotoxins and its implication in some diseases, the food safety expenditures and control costs were evaluated to calculate the government's costs. Border rejections of the commodities, destruction of goods and routine analysis were evaluated for the industry losses estimation. The industry losses were evaluated with the real border rejections of the EU-27 countries plus Norway, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Iceland, Japan, United States of America and Australia, which all of them account for around the 70% of all the global imports of nuts and dried fruits. A questionnaire was distributed to the main exporters to estimate the costs of routine analysis, fees, demurrage at ports, staff and extra costs on transportation due to border rejections. The total costs due to mycotoxin contamination for the industry reaches up to 100,000,000 US$ annually. Government's cost on public health related to mycotoxin ingestion was evaluated with the incidence of mycotoxins on different illnesses, the rate of implication of those illnesses on the disability-adjusted life year (WHO) and the health expenditure per capita of the countries most affected by uncontrolled mycotoxin exposure. Estimating the lowest percentage of implication (1%), this cost reaches 2 billion US$. Government's costs by controls at borders are mainly charged to the imports industry.
机译：在本报告中，估计了坚果和干果中由霉菌毒素造成的全球经济损失。从经济意义上讲，霉菌毒素的侵染，污染和接触影响种植者和加工者，部分作物损失，田间和储存的预防，边境拒收，运输，测试等，以及政府方面控制费用和公共卫生费用。在坚果和干果中，黄曲霉毒素存在于花生，坚果和无花果干中，而och曲霉毒素A则存在于干果中。对霉菌毒素的毒性及其对某些疾病的影响，食品安全支出和控制成本进行了评估，以计算政府的成本。对商品的边境拒收，商品销毁和常规分析进行了评估，以评估行业损失。通过对欧盟27国以及挪威，列支敦士登，瑞士和冰岛，日本，美利坚合众国和澳大利亚的实际拒绝边境进行评估，评估了该行业的损失，它们全部占欧盟全球进口的70％左右。坚果和干果。向主要出口商分发了一份调查表，以估算例行分析的费用，费用，港口滞期费，人员费用以及由于边境拒绝而造成的额外运输费用。每年由于真菌毒素污染而造成的总成本高达1亿美元。通过霉菌毒素在不同疾病中的发病率，这些疾病对残疾调整生命年（WHO）的影响率以及受不受控制影响最大的国家的人均医疗保健支出来评估政府与霉菌毒素摄入相关的公共卫生成本霉菌毒素暴露。估计影响的最低百分比（1％），这一成本达到20亿美元。政府的边境管制费用主要由进口行业承担。

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