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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Alternatives to the use of gibberellins for bunch thinning and bunch compactness reduction on grapevine.
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Alternatives to the use of gibberellins for bunch thinning and bunch compactness reduction on grapevine.

机译：赤霉素在葡萄藤上变细和减少束紧度的替代方法。

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Bunches with a loose cluster structure show reduced susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea and especially to sour rot. For this reason the main purpose of all measures to reduce the compactness of bunch clusters is to increase their health and to improve wine quality. Over the last decade, wine growers in South Tyrol have been commonly applying gibberellins during full flowering in order to reduce bunch compactness on tightly clustered, thin-skinned cultivars. This application is combined with an early and intense defoliation of the bunch zone, the removal of the lower part of tightly clustered bunches, and pneumatic defoliation. At the moment, sustainable wine production is increasing in South Tyrol, and the use of gibberellins is strongly debated by the wine-processing industry. Moreover gibberellins have also disadvantages and their effects are difficult to control. At the research Centre of Agriculture and Forestry Laimburg several field trials have been conducted from 2008 to 2011 on the cultivars 'Pinot Blanc', 'Pinot Gris', 'Chardonnay' and 'Pinot Noir'. In these trials, we investigated the efficacy of anti-transpirants (paraffin oil and Pinus oil) and different mechanical methods (tractor-mounted rotating grape brush, hand-held rotating grape brush, manual removal of bunch parts, manual berry thinning, intensive manual defoliation, pneumatic defoliation) in bunch compactness reduction. All methods evaluated in our trials showed a certain degree of efficacy in bunch compactness reduction, but partially a high variability in their effectiveness across study years emerged. The already established pneumatic defoliation reduced the percentage of tight bunch clusters. Yield losses due to the use of the tractor-mounted grape brush were excessive in some trials, and therefore further improvements of this device are necessary. The use of gibberellins led to a reduced percentage of tight clusters and to a slight reduction of Botrytis cinerea and sour rot incidence. On the other hand in some cases an increased berry weight was observed. Anti-transpirants showed not always consistent, but promising results. The compatibility of anti-transpirants with other plant protection products has not yet been evaluated. The relatively labor-intensive methods, that is intensive manual defoliation, manual bunch thinning and removal of bunch parts, can be considered interesting, but expensive options only for small farms.
机译：具有疏松簇状结构的束对灰葡萄孢，特别是对酸腐病的敏感性降低。因此，降低串状酒团的致密性的所有措施的主要目的是为了提高串状酒的健康度并改善葡萄酒的品质。在过去的十年中，南蒂罗尔州的葡萄种植者通常在盛花期施用赤霉素，以减少紧密簇生的，薄皮的品种的束紧度。该应用结合了束区的早期和剧烈的脱叶，去除紧密聚集的束的下部以及气动脱叶。目前，南蒂罗尔州的可持续葡萄酒生产正在增长，葡萄酒加工行业对赤霉素的使用进行了激烈的辩论。此外，赤霉素还具有缺点，并且其作用难以控制。 2008年至2011年，在莱姆堡农林研究中心对“白皮诺”，“皮诺格里斯”，“霞多丽”和“黑皮诺”品种进行了多次田间试验。在这些试验中，我们研究了止汗药（石蜡油和松子油）的功效以及不同的机械方法（拖拉机安装的旋转葡萄刷，手持式旋转葡萄刷，手动去除束束部分，手动浆果稀疏，强化手动）的功效脱毛，气动脱毛），降低束的紧密度。在我们的试验中评估的所有方法均显示出一定程度的降低束紧度的功效，但是在整个研究年度中，它们的功效部分出现了高度差异。已经建立的气动脱叶减少了紧束簇的百分比。在某些试验中，由于使用安装在拖拉机上的葡萄刷而导致的产量损失过大，因此需要对该设备进行进一步的改进。赤霉素的使用导致紧密簇的百分比降低，并且灰葡萄孢和灰腐病的发生率略有降低。另一方面，在某些情况下，观察到浆果重量增加。反蒸腾剂并不总是一致的，但是有希望的结果。止汗剂与其他植物保护产品的相容性尚未评估。相对劳动强度大的方法（即密集的手动脱叶，手动束稀疏和束部分的去除）可以被认为是有趣的方法，但是仅对于小型农场而言是昂贵的选择。

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