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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Research and innovation for full mechanization of Italian vineyards at Bologna University.
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Research and innovation for full mechanization of Italian vineyards at Bologna University.

机译：博洛尼亚大学意大利葡萄园完全机械化的研究和创新。

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Bologna University's Department of Arboriculture has become over the years a main focal point for its research efforts in developing and fine-tuning the concept of integral mechanisation in vineyard training and management and devising innovative approaches in applying it in the country's viticulture industry. The basic elements of these efforts include the development of permanent-cordon training systems short-pruned to two-three spur buds that, unlike many conventional long-pruning systems such as Guyot, Sylvoz and Arched Cane, can be both hand- and machine-pruned, with or without manual finishing. The most important of the systems developed through the year 2000 include the Double Curtain (DC), derived from the American Geneva Double Curtain system (GDC), the classic Spur-Pruned Cordon (SPC) upgraded and refined with structural improvements, and the Free Cordon (FC). It is worth noting that for systems like SPC and FC, which are usually harvested by horizontal shakers, we devised several structural changes to enable harvesting by vertical shaking, an approach that has been fully tested for the DC. Of subsequent development have been such altogether innovative approaches to management as the COMBI and, more recently, the Semi-Minimal Pruned Hedge (SMPH). The COMBI was specifically designed to be harvested by vertical shaker heads and has the added advantage of being applicable also to harvesters and pruners for DC. While the SMPH system is designed for conventional horizontal-shake harvesters, its pruning has been considerably simplified so as to accommodate traditional multiple cutter bars. In order to further upgrade modern vineyard mechanisation and to control yield and ripening, trials are currently under way to test mechanical devices for early thinning of growing shoots aimed to remove excess growth from extra spurs left after mechanical pruning and to eliminate weak shoots growing from extra laterals buds. New mechanical devices have also been tested for vertical and horizontal indirect canopy shaking to thin clusters at pea-sized berry stage. Other trials are currently under way testing various approaches for mechanical defoliation at pre-flowering to reduce yield and improve grape quality and shoot trimming, defoliation or anti-transpirant spray at post-veraison to delay ripening to allow proper sugar accumulation at a higher level of cell maturity.
机译：多年来，博洛尼亚大学的树木栽培系已成为其研究工作的主要焦点，该研究成果旨在开发和调整葡萄园培训和管理中的整体机械化概念，并设计出将其应用于该国葡萄栽培行业的创新方法。这些工作的基本要素包括开发永久修剪到2至3个正芽的永久密码训练系统，与Guyot，Sylvoz和Arched Cane等许多传统的长期修剪系统不同，该系统既可以手动也可以机器修剪，有或没有手工完成。到2000年开发的最重要的系统包括源自美国日内瓦双帘系统（GDC）的双帘（DC），经典的马刺修剪的警戒线（SPC）以及经过结构改进的改进和改进，以及免费的警戒线（FC）。值得注意的是，对于通常由水平摇床采集的SPC和FC这样的系统，我们设计了几种结构更改，以实现通过垂直摇动进行采集，这种方法已针对DC进行了全面测试。随后的发展包括诸如COMBI以及最近的半最小修剪树篱（SMPH）等完全创新的管理方法。 COMBI是专为垂直立式摇头收获而设计的，其附加优点是也适用于DC的收割机和修剪机。虽然SMPH系统是为常规水平摇收割机设计的，但其修剪已大大简化，以适应传统的多刀杆。为了进一步提高现代葡萄园的机械化水平并控制产量和成熟度，目前正在进行试验，以测试用于较早生长的芽的机械设备，以消除机械修剪后残留的多余马刺的多余生长，并消除多余的芽。分支芽。还测试了新的机械设备，以在豌豆大小的浆果阶段将垂直和水平间接冠层摇动成薄簇。目前正在进行其他试验，测试开花前机械脱叶的各种方法，以降低产量并改善葡萄质量，并在试验后进行枝条修剪，脱叶或防潮剂喷雾以延缓成熟，从而使糖在较高水平上积累适当。细胞成熟度。

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