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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Effect of organic fertilization on soil fertility, tree nutritional status and nutrient removal of mature nectarine trees.
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Effect of organic fertilization on soil fertility, tree nutritional status and nutrient removal of mature nectarine trees.

机译：有机肥对成熟油桃树土壤肥力，树木营养状况和养分去除的影响。

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摘要

Composted municipal solid waste is a good source of nutrients for fruit trees, but its timing of mineralization and nutrient release is difficult to predict. The objectives of the present experiment were to evaluate the long-term effect (11 years) of organic fertilization on soil fertility, tree nutritional status and nutrient removal in a commercial orchard of nectarine 'Stark RedGold' (Prunus persica var. nectarine) grafted on GF677 peach x almond (P. persica x P. dulcis L.) hybrid. The experiment was carried out in 2011, near Ravenna, Italy with the following treatments, established since orchard plantation in 2001: (1) unfertilized control; (2) mineral fertilization (P and K at planting; N, up to 130 kg ha-1 year-1, split in May and September); (3) cow manure at 10 t dry weight (dw) ha-1 at planting and 5 t dw ha-1 yearly from the 4th year on; (4) compost (10 t dw ha-1 at planting and 5 t dw ha-1 yearly from the 4th year on); (5) compost (5 t dw ha-1 year-1) and (6) compost (10 t dw ha-1 year-1), with both (5) and (6) split as described for N in treatment 2. The compost was obtained from domestic organic wastes (50%) mixed with pruning material from urban ornamental trees (50%) after 3 months of aerobic stabilization. Nitrate-N soil concentration was increased by the application of compost at the highest rate only in June 2011. At harvest, fruit yield was greater with compost application at 10 t dw ha-1 year-1; fruit size increased with mineral and high rate compost fertilizations. Unlike thinned fruit, naturally abscised leaves and pruning wood from trees in plots with mineral fertilizer or compost (10 t dw ha-1 year-1) had greater biomass with higher N, Mg, Mn, Fe and Cu removal than other treatments. Yearly application of compost at 10 t ha-1 promoted tree growth and fruit yield similar to mineral fertilization, while not increasing the risk of nitrate leaching and pollution.
机译：堆肥处理的城市固体废物是果树养分的良好来源，但其矿化和养分释放的时间很难预测。本实验的目的是评估有机施肥对嫁接在其上的油桃“ Stark RedGold”（李子红变种）的商业果园对土壤肥力，树木营养状况和养分去除的长期影响（11年）。 GF677桃x杏仁（P. persica x P.dulcis L.）杂种。该实验于2011年在意大利拉韦纳附近进行，采用了自2001年果园种植以来建立的以下处理方法：（1）未施肥; （2）矿物施肥（播种时施用磷和钾;氮，不超过130千克公顷 -1 年 -1 ，5月和9月分开）; （3）从第4年开始，种植时的干重为10吨干重（dw）ha -1 的牛粪，每年5吨dw ha -1 。 （4）堆肥（种植第4年起每年种植10 t dw ha -1 ，每年种植5 t dw ha -1 ）; （5）堆肥（5 t dw ha -1 年 -1 ）和（6）堆肥（10 t dw ha -1 年< sup> -1 ），将（5）和（6）均按处理2中的N进行分配。堆肥是从生活有机废物（50％）与城市观赏树木的修剪材料混合而成的（50有氧稳定3个月后）。仅在2011年6月，最高施用量的堆肥提高了硝酸盐氮的土壤浓度。收获时，施用10 t dw ha -1 year - 1 ;矿物质和高比率堆肥施肥会增加果实的大小。与稀疏的水果不同，在使用矿物肥料或堆肥（10 t dw ha -1 年 -1 ）的地块中，自然脱落的叶子和修剪过的树木的生物量更大，氮含量更高，Mg，Mn，Fe和Cu的去除比其他处理方法要好。每年施用10 t ha -1 堆肥可以促进树木生长和水果产量，类似于矿物施肥，但不会增加硝酸盐浸出和污染的风险。

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