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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >The Potential of Saline and Residual Water Use in Olive Growing
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The Potential of Saline and Residual Water Use in Olive Growing

机译：橄榄生长中盐渍化和残留水分利用的潜力

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Olive is a major tree crop in the Mediterranean region, although the last decades, olive culture is developing outside this region, from South America (Argentina, Chile, Peru, Uruguay) and United States (California) to Australia and New Zealand and South Africa, using mainly intensified production systems. Irrigation of olives with low quality water (saline, reclaimed, etc.) is increasing worldwide due to negative effects of population growth and climate change on the availability and quality of existing fresh water supplies. Olive tree is considered moderately tolerant to salinity; however, under certain irrigation practices high saline irrigation water (up to 10 dS/m) for a long time can be used without affecting growth and yield. High salinity inhibits plant growth and affects gas exchange properties of olive leaves. There are differences in salt tolerance among cultivars associated with ion exclusion and retention of Na+ and CI" in the root. The mechanism is located within the roots and prevents salt translocation, rather than salt absorption. Besides that, osmotic adjustment, stomatal closure and leaf abscission appear to play a role. High salinity generally reduces olive yield. Salinity increases or does not affect oil content of the fruit,although the extent of this reduction changes with cultivar. Furthermore, NaCl salinity induces changes in fatty acid composition and increases the total phenol content of olive oil. Potential and cost effective source of irrigation water in olive-growing areas is the reuse of reclaimed wastewater, under certain conditions. Amongst the components of such water are essential nutrients for olive growth and production such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Management practices for using low quality water for irrigation of olives includes proper irrigation scheduling (amount of water and interval), efficient leaching (amount and timing), proper irrigation method, blending or cyclic use of irrigation water of different quality, using water or soil amendments and selection of salt tolerant genotypes.
机译：橄榄是地中海地区的主要树种，尽管近几十年来，橄榄文化在该地区以外发展，从南美（阿根廷，智利，秘鲁，乌拉圭）和美国（加利福尼亚）到澳大利亚，新西兰和南非，主要使用集约化生产系统。由于人口增长和气候变化对现有淡水供应的可用性和质量产生负面影响，全世界范围内使用低质水（盐水，再生水等）的橄榄灌溉正在增加。橄榄树被认为具有中等耐盐性。但是，在某些灌溉方式下，可以长时间使用高盐度灌溉水（最高10 dS / m），而不会影响生长和产量。高盐度会抑制植物的生长并影响橄榄叶的气体交换特性。根系中离子的排斥和Na +和CI“的保留相关的品种之间的耐盐性存在差异。该机制位于根部内，可防止盐转运而不是吸收盐。此外，渗透调节，气孔关闭和叶片脱落似乎起了作用，高盐度通常会降低橄榄的产量，盐度会增加或不影响果实的油含量，尽管这种减少的程度会因品种而异;此外，NaCl盐度会引起脂肪酸组成的变化并增加总的橄榄油中苯酚的含量：在某些条件下，橄榄生长地区的灌溉用水的潜在和成本有效的来源是再生废水的再利用，其中的水成分是橄榄生长和生产所必需的养分，例如氮，磷和使用劣质水灌溉橄榄的管理方法包括适当的灌溉混养（水量和间隔时间），有效淋洗（量和时间），适当的灌溉方法，混合或循环使用不同质量的灌溉水，使用水或土壤改良剂以及选择耐盐基因型。

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