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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Genetic Conservation, Characterization and Utilization of Wild Relatives of Fruit and Nut Crops at the USDA Germplasm Repository in Davis, California
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Genetic Conservation, Characterization and Utilization of Wild Relatives of Fruit and Nut Crops at the USDA Germplasm Repository in Davis, California

机译：加利福尼亚州戴维斯市USDA种质资源库中水果和坚果作物野生近缘种的遗传保护，鉴定和利用

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The National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) in Davis is one among the nine repositories in the National Plant Germplasm System, USDA-ARS, that is responsible for conservation of clonally propagated woody perennial subtropical and temperate fruit and nut crop germplasm. Currently the repository holds over 6500 accessions of germplasm of Actinidia (kiwi fruit), Diospyros (persimmon), Ficus (fig), Juglans (walnuts), Morus (mulberry), Olea (olive), Pistacia (pistachio), Prunus (stonefruits and almond), Punica (pomegranate), Vitis (grape), and other minor genera. Wild relatives are widely represented in these collections with about 91% of the taxa and 43% of the total accessions representing the wild gene pools. Research at the repository is mainly focused on genetic characterization of germplasm using molecular markers and morphological traits to quantify and describe genetic structure and differentiation within and among species and gene pools. Promoting the use of crop wild relatives (CWR) germplasm in genetic improvement of tree fruit and nut crops is our top priority. Presently, at the Davis repository, we are extensively utilizing Prunus and Juglans wild relatives for developing improved rootstocks with resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. We will review and discuss the results of ongoing programs highlighting the importance of different CWRs as donors of genes for resistance to major soil borne diseases such as crown gall, Phytophthora rots, and nematodes in the rootstock improvementprograms. Breeding for drought tolerance is another major thrust for which we are screening CWR germplasm to identify novel sources of drought tolerance to infuse into ongoing rootstock breeding programs.
机译：戴维斯的国家克隆种质资源库（NCGR）是国家植物种质系统USDA-ARS的9个资源库之一，该系统负责对无性繁殖的木本多年生亚热带和温带水果和坚果作物种质进行保护。目前，该库拥有猕猴桃（猕猴桃），柿（柿子），榕属（无花果），核桃（核桃），桑属（桑树），油橄榄（橄榄），黄连木（开心果），李属（核果和杏仁），石榴（石榴），葡萄（葡萄）和其他小属。在这些集合中，野生亲缘种广泛存在，大约91％的分类单元和43％的总种质代表野生基因库。该库的研究主要集中在利用分子标记和形态特征对种质进行遗传表征，以量化和描述物种和基因库内部和之间的遗传结构和分化。促进将农作物野生近缘种（CWR）种质用于树果和坚果作物的遗传改良是我们的首要任务。目前，在戴维斯（Davis）仓库中，我们正在广泛利用李属和胡桃木的野生亲缘种来开发改良的砧木，以抵抗生物和非生物胁迫。我们将审查和讨论正在进行的计划的结果，这些计划强调在砧木改良计划中不同CWR作为抵抗主要土壤传播疾病（例如冠gall，疫霉菌和线虫）的基因的供体的重要性。耐旱育种是我们筛选CWR种质的另一主要方向，以鉴定出耐旱的新来源并注入正在进行的砧木育种计划中。

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