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首页> 外文期刊>Contributions to Plasma Physics >Gas Phase Emitter Effect of Thulium within Ceramic Metal Halide Lamps in Dependence on Frequency
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Gas Phase Emitter Effect of Thulium within Ceramic Metal Halide Lamps in Dependence on Frequency

机译：频率下陶瓷金属卤化物灯中of的气相发射效应

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摘要

The gas phase emitter effect within ceramic metal halide (CMH) lamps reduces the effective work function of the electrode material and, therewith, the electrode temperature. An investigation of the gas phase emitter effect of thulium (Tm) within CMH lamps seeded with Tm iodide (TmI3) is carried out. For this purpose, phase resolved images of the arc attachment and measurements of the electrode temperature, Tm atom and ion densities are performed in dependence on operating frequency by pyrometry and optical emission spectroscopy. Additionally, the influence of a sodium iodide (NaI) admixture is studied. The emitter effect is generated by means of a monolayer of Tm atoms on the electrode surface generated by a Tm ion current within the cathodic phase. It overlaps onto the anodic phase at higher frequencies of some hundreds of hertz. The reason is the finite life time of the monolayer, which is determined by the adsorption energy of Tm on the tungsten surface. Due to the low electric field strength in front of the anode and the mass inertia, the emitter ions and atoms remain in front of the anode. They retard the decay of the monolayer and with it the increase of the work function. Moreover, a comparison of a lamp seeded with TmI3 and sodium iodide (NaI) with a lamp seeded only with TmI3 illustrates a slight reduction of the electrode tip temperature caused by a higher Tm saturation vapour pressure and a higher Tm amount within the lamp filling. The influence of Na appears to be quite low.
机译：陶瓷金属卤化物（CMH）灯内的气相发射器效应会降低电极材料的有效功函数，从而降低电极温度。研究了碘化C（TmI3）注入的CMH灯中of（Tm）的气相发射体效应。为此，根据工作频率通过高温测定法和光发射光谱法进行电弧附着的相分辨图像以及电极温度，Tm原子和离子密度的测量。此外，研究了碘化钠（NaI）混合物的影响。发射极效应是通过阴极相内Tm离子电流在电极表面上形成的单层Tm原子产生的。它在数百赫兹的较高频率下重叠到阳极相上。原因是单层的有限寿命，这取决于Tm在钨表面上的吸附能。由于阳极前面的电场强度低和质量惯性，发射极离子和原子保留在阳极前面。它们阻止了单分子层的衰变，并因此而增加了功函。此外，将用TmI3和碘化钠（NaI）注入的灯与仅用TmI3注入的灯进行比较，可以看出，由于较高的Tm饱和蒸气压和较高的Tm填充量，导致电极头温度略有降低。 Na的影响似乎很小。

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