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首页> 外文期刊>ACS applied materials & interfaces >From Chromonic Self-Assembly to Hollow Carbon Nanofibers: Efficient Materials in Supercapacitor and Vapor-Sensing Applications
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From Chromonic Self-Assembly to Hollow Carbon Nanofibers: Efficient Materials in Supercapacitor and Vapor-Sensing Applications

机译：从发色自组装到中空碳纳米纤维：超级电容器和蒸汽传感应用中的高效材料

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摘要

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with high surface area (820 m(2)/g) have been successfully prepared by a nanocasting approach using silica nanofibers obtained from chromonic liquid crystals as a template. CNFs with randomly oriented graphitic layers show outstanding electrochemical supercapacitance performance, exhibiting a specific capacitance of 327 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s with a long life-cycling capability. Approximately 95% capacitance retention is observed after 1000 charge discharge cycles. Furthermore, about 80% of capacitance is retained at higher scan rates (up to 500 mV/s) and current densities (from 1 to 10 A/g). The high capacitance of CNFs comes from their porous structure, high pore volume, and electrolyte-accessible high surface area. CNFs with ordered graphitic layers were also obtained upon heat treatment at high temperatures (>1500 degrees C). Although it is expected that these graphitic CNFs have increased electrical conductivity, in the present case, they exhibited lower capacitance values due to a loss in surface area during thermal treatment. High-surface-area CNFs can be used in sensing applications; in particular, they showed selective differential adsorption of volatile organic compounds such as pyridine and toluene. This behavior is attributed to the free diffusion of these volatile aromatic molecules into the pores of CNFs accompanied by interactions with sp(2) carbon structures and other chemical groups on the surface of the fibers.
机译：具有高表面积（820 m（2）/ g）的碳纳米纤维（CNFs）已通过纳米浇铸方法成功制备，使用从发色液晶获得的二氧化硅纳米纤维作为模板。具有随机取向的石墨层的CNF具有出色的电化学超电容性能，在5 mV / s的扫描速率下显示的比电容为327 F / g，具有长寿命循环能力。在进行1000次电荷放电循环后，观察到大约95％的电容保持率。此外，在更高的扫描速率（高达500 mV / s）和电流密度（1至10 A / g）下，大约80％的电容得以保留。 CNF的高电容来自其多孔结构，高孔隙率和可接触电解液的高表面积。在高温（> 1500摄氏度）下进行热处理时，还会获得具有规则石墨层的CNF。尽管期望这些石墨CNF具有增加的电导率，但是在当前情况下，由于热处理期间表面积的损失，它们显示出较低的电容值。高表面积CNF可以用于传感应用;特别是，它们显示出对挥发性有机化合物（例如吡啶和甲苯）的选择性差异吸附。此行为归因于这些挥发性芳族分子自由扩散到CNF的孔中，并伴随着sp（2）碳结构和纤维表面上的其他化学基团的相互作用。

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