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首页> 外文期刊>American Journal of Physiology >Microparticles and acute lung injury
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Microparticles and acute lung injury

机译：微粒与急性肺损伤

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The pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is characterized by increased vascular and epithelial permeability, hypercoagulation and hypofibrinolysis, inflammation, and immune modulation. These detrimental changes are orchestrated by cross talk between a complex network of cells, mediators, and signaling pathways. A rapidly growing number of studies have reported the appearance of distinct populations of microparticles (MPs) in both the vascular and alveolar compartments in animal models of ALI/ARDS or respective patient populations, where they may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. MPs are small cytosolic vesicles with an intact lipid bilayer that can be released by a variety of vascular, parenchymal, or blood cells and that contain membrane and cytosolic proteins, organelles, lipids, and RNA supplied from and characteristic for their respective parental cells. Owing to this endowment, MPs can effectively interact with other cell types via fusion, receptor-mediated interaction, uptake, or mediator release, thereby acting as intrinsic stimulators, modulators, or even attenuators in a variety of disease processes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the formation and potential functional role of different MPs in inflammatory diseases with a specific focus on ALI/ARDS. ALI has been associated with the formation of MPs from such diverse cellular origins as platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, red blood cells, and endothelial and epithelial cells. Because of their considerable heterogeneity in terms of origin and functional properties, MPs may contribute via both harmful and beneficial effects to the characteristic pathological features of ALI/ARDS. A better understanding of the formation, function, and relevance of MPs may give rise to new promising therapeutic strategies to modulate coagulation, inflammation, endothelial function, and permeability either through removal or inhibition of "detrimental" MPs or through administration or stimulation of "favorable" MPs.
机译：急性肺损伤（ALI）及其最严重的形式，即急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的病理生理学特征是血管和上皮通透性增加，高凝和纤维蛋白溶解不足，炎症和免疫调节。这些有害的变化是由细胞，介体和信号通路的复杂网络之间的串扰来安排的。迅速增长的研究报告了在ALI / ARDS动物模型或相应患者群体的血管和肺泡腔室中均出现了不同的微粒（MPs）群体，它们可作为诊断和预后生物标记物。 MP是具有完整脂质双分子层的小型胞质囊泡，可以通过多种血管，实质或血细胞释放，并且含有膜和胞浆蛋白，细胞器，脂质和RNA，它们是由各自的亲代细胞提供的并具有各自的特征。由于这种end赋，MP可以通过融合，受体介导的相互作用，摄取或介质释放有效地与其他细胞类型相互作用，从而在各种疾病过程中充当固有的刺激物，调节剂，甚至衰减剂。这篇综述总结了目前有关不同MPs在炎症性疾病中的形成和潜在功能作用的知识，特别是针对ALI / ARDS。 ALI与来自多种细胞起源的MP形成有关，这些细胞起源于血小板，嗜中性粒细胞，单核细胞，淋巴细胞，红细胞以及内皮和上皮细胞。由于其在来源和功能特性方面的显着异质性，MP可能通过有害和有益作用对ALI / ARDS的特征性病理特征做出贡献。更好地了解MP的形成，功能和相关性可能会产生新的有希望的治疗策略，通过去除或抑制“有害” MP或通过给予或刺激“有利”来调节凝血，炎症，内皮功能和通透性议员。

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