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Mitochondrial functional specialization in glycolytic and oxidative muscle fibers: Tailoring the organelle for optimal function

机译:糖酵解和氧化性肌纤维的线粒体功能专长:调整细胞器以获得最佳功能

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摘要

In skeletal muscle, two major types of muscle fibers exist: slow-twitch oxidative (type I) fibers designed for low-intensity long-lasting contractions, and fast-twitch glycolytic (type II) fibers designed for high-intensity short-duration contractions. Such a wide range of capabilities has emerged through the selection across fiber types of a narrow set of molecular characteristics suitable to achieve a specific contractile phenotype. In this article we review evidence supporting the existence of distinct functional phenotypes in mitochondria from slow and fast fibers that may be required to ensure optimal muscle function. This includes differences with respect to energy substrate preferences, regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, dynamics of reactive oxygen species, handling of Ca 2+, and regulation of cell death. The potential physiological implications on muscle function and the putative mechanisms responsible for establishing and maintaining distinct mitochondrial phenotype across fiber types are also discussed.
机译:在骨骼肌中,存在两种主要类型的肌肉纤维:专为低强度持久收缩而设计的慢肌氧化(I型)纤维和专为高强度短期收缩而设计的快肌糖酵解(II型)纤维。通过跨纤维类型选择适合实现特定收缩表型的窄分子特征集,出现了如此广泛的功能。在本文中,我们回顾了支持线粒体中慢速和快速纤维存在不同功能表型的证据,这可能是确保最佳肌肉功能所必需的。这包括在能量底物偏好,氧化磷酸化的调节,活性氧的动力学,Ca 2+的处理以及细胞死亡的调节方面的差异。还讨论了对肌肉功能的潜在生理影响以及负责建立和维持跨纤维类型的不同线粒体表型的假定机制。

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