Reduced vasorelaxation to estradiol and G-l in aged female and adult male rats is associated with GPR30 downregulation

Lindsey SH; da Silva AS; Silva MS; Chappell MC.

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Reduced vasorelaxation to estradiol and G-l in aged female and adult male rats is associated with GPR30 downregulation

机译：雌性和成年雄性大鼠中雌二醇和G-1的血管舒张减少与GPR30下调相关

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Previously, we reported that chronic activation of the estrogen receptor GPR30 by its selective agonist G-l decreases blood pressure in ovariectomized hypertensive mRen2.Lewis (mRen2) rats but not intact male littermates. Furthermore, G-l relaxes female mesenteric resistance arteries via both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Because of the lack of a blood pressure-lowering effect by G-l in males and the potential influence of aging on estrogen receptor expression, we hypothesized that GPR30-dependent vasodilation and receptor expression are altered in males and aged females. Thus, we assessed the response to 17Beta-estradiol or G-l in mesenteric arteries obtained from 15-wk-old normotensive Lewis and hypertensive mRen2 females and males as well as 52-wk-old Lewis females. Vasodilation to 17Beta-estradiol (E_2) and G-l was significantly attenuated in 15-wk-old Lewis and mRen2 males compared with age-matched females. Pretreatment of male vessels with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NAME had no significant effect on the estradiol or G-l response. In aged females, E_2 and G-l vasorelaxation was also significantly blunted; however, L-NAME essentially abolished the response. Associated with the reduced vascular responses, GPR30 expression in mesenteric arteries was approximately 50% lower in males and aged females compared with young females. We conclude that alterations in GPR30 expression and signaling may contribute to vascular dysfunction in aging females and a greater blood pressure in hypertensive males.

机译：先前，我们报道了雌激素受体GPR30的选择性激动剂G-1的慢性激活可降低卵巢切除的高血压mRen2.Lewis（mRen2）大鼠的血压，但不影响雄性同窝仔。此外，G-1通过内皮依赖性和非依赖性机制松弛女性肠系膜阻力动脉。由于男性缺乏G-1的降血压作用以及衰老对雌激素受体表达的潜在影响，我们假设男性和老年女性的GPR30依赖性血管舒张和受体表达均发生了改变。因此，我们评估了从15周龄正常血压Lewis和高血压mRen2雌性和雄性以及52周龄Lewis女性获得的肠系膜动脉对17B-雌二醇或G-1的反应。与年龄相匹配的女性相比，在15周龄的Lewis和mRen2男性中，对17β-雌二醇（E_2）和G-1的血管舒张作用显着减弱。用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂1-NAME预处理雄性血管对雌二醇或G-1应答没有显着影响。在老年女性中，E_2和G-1血管舒张也明显减弱。但是，L-NAME基本上取消了回应。与减少的血管反应相关，与年轻女性相比，男性和老年女性中肠系膜动脉中GPR30的表达降低约50％。我们得出的结论是，GPR30表达和信号转导的改变可能会导致衰老女性的血管功能障碍和高血压男性的血压升高。

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《American Journal of Physiology》 |2013年第1期|共6页
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Lindsey SH; da Silva AS; Silva MS; Chappell MC.;
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G protein-coupled receptor 30; G protein-coupled estrogen receptor; estradiol-induced vasodilation; menopause;

机译：G蛋白偶联受体30;G蛋白偶联雌激素受体;雌二醇诱导的血管舒张;更年期;

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机译：雌性和成年雄性大鼠中雌二醇和G-1的血管舒张减少与GPR30下调相关
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机译：雌性和成年雄性大鼠中雌二醇和G-1的血管舒张减少与GPR30下调相关
7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. There were 12 participants in the experimental group, 7 female and 5 male, and 12 participants, 7 female and 5 male in the control group. Personal Information Form and Decision Making Style Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In order to decide on the tests to be used in the course of analyzing the data, the scores of the participant's Decision Styles Scale pre-test, which are placed primarily in the experimental and control groups, it was analyzed whether the basic expectations of parametric tests were answered. As a result of the analysis made, the scores, skewness and kurtosis coefficients obtained from the Decision Making Styles Scale were given to the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the distribution was normal in the result of Shapiro-Wilk test, in which the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of each sub-scale were ranked between -1 and +1. Participants in the experimental and control groups; homogeneity test results for decision-style pre-test measurements indicate that the data are homogeneous. According to the results of the Mauchly Globalness Test, it has been determined that working supports the hypothesis. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores obtained from dependent decision-making style of experiment and control groups, but the test group showed lower mean scores at the significant level within the scores of post-test and follow-up tests. Therefore, it can be said that the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group reduces the dependent decision-making style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions and the psychoeducation program has a lasting effect. It was determined that there was no significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores obtained from the Spontaneous-Instant Decision Style of experiment and control groups. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not cause a significant difference in the Spontaneous-Decision-Making Style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The ACT -oriented psychoeducation program had a decline in the intuitive decision-making styles of the individuals, but this decrease did not create significant differences. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not make a meaningful difference in the intuitive decision style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the KKT oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The pre-test scores obtained from the rational decision-making style of the experimental and control groups showed that there was a difference between the post-test and the follow-up scores, but this difference was not significant. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the test group had higher levels of rational decision style than the pre - test scores in the post test and follow - up scores, whereas the post test and follow - up test scores in the control group rational decision style showed a decrease compared to the pre - test scores. the pre - test scores. Decision-making Styles Scale Avoidant Decision Making As a result of the analysis of the mean scores of the subscale scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measures, the group effect was found to be insignificant. It was determined that the experimental and control groups differed significantly from the pre-test scores obtained from the avoidant decision-making style but did not show any significant change within the scores of the post-test and follow-up tests. [O] . mustafa ercengiz, ali haydar şar 2018

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8. Test Substance Administered by Gavage at 0, 15, 60, or 150 mg/kg/day to Groups of Male and Female Crl:CD(SD) Rats for Two Weeks Prebreeding, through Gestation, and Up to Lactation Day 4 (Females) or 32 (Males) [R] . 2008

机译：通过管饲法以0,15,60或150mg / kg /天给予雄性和雌性Crl：CD（sD）组大鼠两周的早产，通过妊娠，直到哺乳期第4天（雌性）或32（男性）

Reduced vasorelaxation to estradiol and G-l in aged female and adult male rats is associated with GPR30 downregulation

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