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首页> 外文期刊>Applied optics >Imaging polarimetry of glass buildings: why do vertical glass surfaces attract polarotactic insects?
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Imaging polarimetry of glass buildings: why do vertical glass surfaces attract polarotactic insects?

机译：玻璃建筑物的成像偏振法：为什么垂直玻璃表面会吸引趋虫性昆虫？

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Recently it was observed that the Hydropsyche pellucidula caddis flies swarm near sunset at the vertical glass surfaces of buildings standing on the bank of the Danube river in Budapest, Hungary. These aquatic insects emerge from the Danube and are lured to dark vertical panes of glass, where they swarm, land, copulate, and remain for hours. It was also shown that ovipositing H. pellucidula caddis flies are attracted to highly and horizontally polarized light stimulating their ventral eye region and thus have positive polarotaxis. The attraction of these aquatic insects to vertical reflectors is surprising, because after their aerial swarming, they must return to the horizontal surface of water bodies from which they emerge and at which they lay their eggs. Our aim is to answer the questions: Why are flying polarotactic caddis flies attracted to vertical glass surfaces? And why do these aquatic insects remain on vertical panes of glass after landing? We propose that both questions can be partly explained by the reflection-polarization characteristics of vertical glass surfaces and the positive polarotaxis of caddis flies. We measured the reflection-polarization patterns of shady and sunlit, black and white vertical glass surfaces from different directions of view under clear and overcast skies by imaging polarimetry in the red, green, and blue parts of the spectrum. Using these polarization patterns we determined which areas of the investigated glass surfaces are sensed as water by a hypothetical polarotactic insect facing and flying toward or landed on a vertical pane of glass. Our results strongly support the mentioned proposition. The main optical characteristics of "green," that is, environmentally friendly, buildings, considering the protection of polarotactic aquatic insects, are also discussed. Such "green" buildings possess features that attract only a small number of polarotactic aquatic insects when standing in the vicinity of fresh waters. Since vertical glass panes of buildings are abundant in the man-made optical environment, and polarotactic aquatic insects are spread worldwide, our results are of general interest in the visual and behavioral ecology of aquatic insects.
机译：最近，有人观察到水psych象在靠近匈牙利首都布达佩斯的多瑙河河岸的建筑物的垂直玻璃表面上成群飞翔。这些水生昆虫从多瑙河涌出，并被引诱到深色的垂直玻璃板上，在那里它们成群结队，着陆，交配，并停留数小时。还显示，产卵的H.pellucidula caddis苍蝇被高偏振和水平偏振的光所吸引，从而刺激了它们的腹眼区域，因此具有正极轴性。这些水生昆虫被垂直反射器吸引的原因令人惊讶，因为它们在空中聚集后必须返回到水体的水平面，然后从水体中出来并在其上产卵。我们的目的是回答以下问题：为什么将飞来飞去的极地纲目蝇吸引到垂直玻璃表面上？为什么这些水生昆虫着陆后仍留在垂直的玻璃板上？我们提出，这两个问题可以通过垂直玻璃表面的反射偏振特性和球果蝇的正极轴性来部分解释。我们通过在光谱的红色，绿色和蓝色部分中进行成像偏振分析，在透明和阴暗的天空下，从不同的角度测量了阴影和日光下的黑白垂直玻璃表面的反射偏振模式。使用这些偏振图案，我们确定了一个假想的趋向性昆虫面对或飞向或降落在垂直玻璃板上时，将所研究玻璃表面的哪些区域感知为水。我们的结果有力地支持了上述主张。还讨论了考虑保护立式水生昆虫的“绿色”环保建筑的主要光学特性。这种“绿色”建筑的特点是，当站在淡水附近时，仅能吸引少量的立交水生昆虫。由于在人为的光学环境中建筑物的垂直玻璃窗格很丰富，并且立式水生昆虫遍布世界各地，因此我们的研究结果对水生昆虫的视觉和行为生态具有普遍意义。

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