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Polarization properties of retroreflecting right-angle prisms

机译：后向反射直角棱镜的偏振特性

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摘要

The cumulative retardance (DELTA)_(t) introduced between the p and the s orthogonal linear polarizations after two successive total internal reflections (TIRs) inside a right-angle prism at complementary angles phi and 90 deg - phi is calculated as a function of phi and prism refractive index n. Quarter-wave retardation (QWR) is obtained on retroreflection with minimum angular sensitivity when n velence (2~(1/2) + 1)~(1/2) velence 1.55377 and phi velence 45 deg. A QWR prism made of N-BAK4 Schott glass (n velence 1.55377 at lambda velence 1303.5 nm) has good spectral response (<5 deg retardance error) over the 0.5-2 (mu)m visible and near-IR spectral range. A ZnS-coated right-angle Si prism achieves QWR with an error of < +-2.5 deg in the 9-11 (mu)m (CO_(2) laser) IR spectral range. This device functions as a linear-to-circular polarization transformer and can be tuned to exact QWR at any desired wavelength (within a given range) by tilting the prism by a small angle around phi velence 45 deg. A PbTe right-angle prism introduces near-half-wave retardation (near-HWR) with a <=2percent error over a broad (4 <= lambda <= 12.5 (mu)m) IR spectral range. This device also has a wide field of view and its interesting polarization properties are discussed. A compact (aspect ratio of 2), in-line, HWR is described that uses a chevron dual Fresnel rhomb with four TIRs at the same angle phi velence 45 deg. Finally, a useful algorithm is presented that transforms a three-term Sellmeier dispersion relation of a transparent optical material to an equivalent cubic equation that can be solved for the wavelengths at which the refractive index assumes any desired value.
机译：在p和s正交线性偏振之间引入直角棱镜内两个连续的全内反射（TIR）之后，在互补角phi和90度phi下引入的累积延迟Δ_（t）作为函数，计算为φ和棱镜折射率n。当n弯度（2〜（1/2）+ 1）〜（1/2）弯度1.55377和φ弯度45度时，以最小的角度灵敏度获得四分之一波长延迟（QWR）。由N-BAK4肖特玻璃制成的QWR棱镜（在λ波长为1303.5 nm时的n折射率为1.55377）在0.5-2μm的可见光和近红外光谱范围内具有良好的光谱响应（<5度延迟误差）。镀有ZnS的直角Si棱镜在9-11μm（CO_（2）激光）IR光谱范围内实现QWR，误差<+ -2.5度。该器件起线性到圆偏振转换器的作用，并且可以通过将棱镜倾斜约45度的小角度将其调谐到任何所需波长（在给定范围内）的精确QWR。 PbTe直角棱镜在宽的（4 <=λ<= 12.5μm）红外光谱范围内引入了近半波延迟（近HWR），误差<= 2％。该器件还具有广阔的视野，并讨论了其有趣的偏振特性。描述了一种紧凑型（纵横比为2的）在线HWR，它使用人字形双菲涅尔菱形和四个TIR，且角度为45度。最后，提出了一种有用的算法，该算法可以将透明光学材料的三项Sellmeier色散关系转换为等效的三次方程式，该方程式可以针对折射率为任何期望值的波长求解。

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