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An inherent-optical-property-centered approach to correct the angular effects in water-leaving radiance

机译：一种固有的以光学属性为中心的方法，可以校正出水辐射的角度效应

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摘要

Remote-sensing reflectance (R_(rs)), which is defined as the ratio of water-leaving radiance (L_(w)) to down-welling irradiance just above the surface (E_(d)(0~(+))), varies with both water constituents (including bottom properties of optically-shallow waters) and angular geometry. L_(w) is commonly measured in the field or by satellite sensors at convenient angles, while E_(d)(0~(+)) can be measured in the field or estimated based on atmospheric properties. To isolate the variations of R_(rs) (or L_(w)) resulting from a change of water constituents, the angular effects of R_(rs) (or L_(w)) need to be removed. This is also a necessity for the calibration and validation of satellite ocean color measurements. To reach this objective, for optically-deep waters where bottom contribution is negligible, we present a system centered on water's inherent optical properties (IOPs). It can be used to derive IOPs from angular R_(rs) and offers an alternative to the system centered on the concentration of chlorophyll. This system is applicable to oceanic and coastal waters as well as to multiband and hyperspectral sensors. This IOP-centered system is applied to both numerically simulated data and in situ measurements to test and evaluate its performance. The good results obtained suggest that the system can be applied to angular R_(rs) to retrieve IOPs and to remove the angular variation of R_(rs).
机译：遥感反射率（R_（rs）），定义为离水辐射率（L_（w））与表面正上方的下降射流辐射率（E_（d）（0〜（+）））的比值随水成分（包括浅浅水的底部特性）和角度几何形状的不同而变化。 L_（w）通常在野外或通过卫星传感器以方便的角度进行测量，而E_（d）（0〜（+））可以在野外进行测量或根据大气特性进行估算。为了隔离由水成分的变化引起的R_（rs）（或L_（w））的变化，需要消除R_（rs）（或L_（w））的角度影响。这也是校准和验证卫星海洋颜色测量结果的必要条件。为了实现这一目标，对于底部贡献可忽略不计的深光学水域，我们提出了一个以水的固有光学特性（IOP）为中心的系统。它可用于从角度R_（rs）导出IOP，并为以叶绿素浓度为中心的系统提供了一种替代方法。该系统适用于海洋和沿海水域以及多波段和高光谱传感器。这种以IOP为中心的系统可应用于数值模拟数据和现场测量，以测试和评估其性能。获得的良好结果表明，该系统可应用于角度R_（rs）以检索IOP并消除R_（rs）的角度变化。

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