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Simultaneous retrieval of the complex refractive indices of the core and shell of coated aerosol particles from extinction measurements using simulated annealing

机译：使用模拟退火从消光测量中同时获取涂层气溶胶颗粒的核和壳的复折射率

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摘要

Simultaneously retrieving the complex refractive indices of the core and shell of coated aerosol particles given the measured extinction efficiency as a function of particle dimensions (core diameter and coated diameter) is much more difficult than retrieving the complex refractive index of homogeneous aerosol particles. Not only must the minimization be performed over a four-parameter space, making it less efficient, but in addition the absolute value of the difference between the measured extinction and the calculated extinction does not have an easily distinguished global minimum. Rather, there are a number of local minima to which almost all conventional retrieval algorithms converge. In this work, we develop a new (to our knowledge) retrieval algorithm that employs the numerical method known as simulated annealing with an innovative "temperature" schedule. This study is limited only to spherical particles with a concentric shell and to cases in which the diameter of both the core and the coated particle are known. We find that when the top ranking particle sizes according to their information content are combined from separate experiments to make up the particle size distribution, the simulated annealing retrieval algorithm is quite robust and by far superior to a greedy random perturbation approach often used.
机译：给定测得的消光效率与颗粒尺寸（芯直径和涂层直径）的函数关系，同时获取涂层气溶胶颗粒的核和壳的复数折射率要比获取均质气溶胶颗粒的复数折射率要困难得多。最小化不仅必须在四参数空间上进行，从而使其效率降低，而且此外，所测得的消光度与计算出的消光度之差的绝对值没有容易区分的全局最小值。相反，几乎所有常规检索算法都收敛于许多局部最小值。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种新的（据我们所知）检索算法，该算法采用了称为模拟退火的数值方法，并具有创新的“温度”时间表。这项研究仅限于具有同心壳的球形颗粒，并且仅限于核和包衣颗粒的直径均已知的情况。我们发现，当根据单独的实验将根据其信息含量确定的最高粒度组合在一起以组成粒度分布时，模拟的退火检索算法非常健壮，并且远远优于通常使用的贪婪随机扰动方法。

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