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Preflight calibration of the Imaging Magnetograph experiment polarization modulation package based on liquid-crystal variable retarders

机译：基于液晶可变延迟器的成像磁力仪实验偏振调制套件的飞行前校准

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We present the study, characterization, and calibration of the polarization modulation package (PMP) of the Imaging Magnetograph experiment (IMaX) instrument, a successful Stokes spectropolarimeter on board the SUNRISE balloon project within the NASA Long Duration Balloon program. IMaX was designed to measure the Stokes parameters of incoming light with a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 10~(3), using as polarization modulators two nematic liquid-crystal variable retarders (LCVRs). An ad hoc calibration system that reproduced the optical and environmental characteristics of IMaX was designed, assembled, and aligned. The system recreates the optical beam that IMaX receives from SUNRISE with known polarization across the image plane, as well as an optical system with the same characteristics of IMaX. The system was used to calibrate the IMaX PMP in vacuum and at different temperatures, with a thermal control resembling the in-flight one. The efficiencies obtained were very high, near theoretical maximum values: the total efficiency in vacuum calibration at nominal temperature was 0.972 (1 being the theoretical maximum). The condition number of the demodulation matrix of the same calibration was 0.522 (0.577 theoretical maximum). Some inhomogeneities of the LCVRs were clear during the pixel-by-pixel calibration of the PMP, but it can be concluded that the mere information of a pixel-per-pixel calibration is sufficient to maintain high efficiencies in spite of inhomogeneities of the LCVRs.
机译：我们介绍了成像磁力仪实验（IMaX）仪器的偏振调制包（PMP）的研究，表征和校准，该仪器是NASA长时气球计划中SUNRISE气球项目上成功的斯托克斯分光仪。 IMaX被设计为使用两个向列液晶可变延迟器（LCVR）作为偏振调制器来测量信噪比至少为10〜（3）的入射光的斯托克斯参数。设计，组装并对准了可再现IMaX光学和环境特性的临时校准系统。该系统重新创建IMaX从SUNRISE接收的光束，该光束在整个图像平面上具有已知的偏振，以及具有IMAX相同特性的光学系统。该系统用于在真空中和不同温度下校准IMaX PMP，其热控制类似于飞行中的热控制。获得的效率非常高，接近理论最大值：标称温度下真空校准的总效率为0.972（理论最大值为1）。相同校准的解调矩阵的条件数为0.522（理论最大值为0.577）。在PMP的逐像素校准过程中，LCVR的一些不均匀性很明显，但是可以得出结论，尽管LCVR的不均匀性，仅逐像素校准的信息仍足以保持高效率。

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