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Assessing the temperature dependence of narrow-band Raman water vapor lidar measurements: a practical approach

机译：评估窄带拉曼水蒸气激光雷达测量的温度依赖性：一种实用方法

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摘要

Narrow-band detection of the Raman water vapor spectrum using the lidar technique introduces a concern over the temperature dependence of the Raman spectrum. Various groups have addressed this issue either by trying to minimize the temperature dependence to the point where it can be ignored or by correcting for whatever degree of temperature dependence exists. The traditional technique for performing either of these entails accurately measuring both the laser output wavelength and the water vapor spectral passband with combined uncertainty of approximately 0.01 nm. However, uncertainty in interference filter center wavelengths and laser output wavelengths can be this large or larger. These combined uncertainties translate into uncertainties in the magnitude of the temperature dependence of the Raman lidar water vapor measurement of 3% or more. We present here an alternate approach for accurately determining the temperature dependence of the Raman lidar water vapor measurement. This alternate approach entails acquiring sequential atmospheric profiles using the lidar while scanning the channel passband across portions of the Raman water vapor Q-branch. This scanning is accomplished either by tilt-tuning an interference filter or by scanning the output of a spectrometer. Through this process a peak in the transmitted intensity can be discerned in a manner that defines the spectral location of the channel passband with respect to the laser output wavelength to much higher accuracy than that achieved with standard laboratory techniques. Given the peak of the water vapor signal intensity curve, determined using the techniques described here, and an approximate knowledge of atmospheric temperature, the temperature dependence of a given Raman lidar profile can be determined with accuracy of 0.5% or better. A Mathematica notebook that demonstrates the calculations used here is available from the lead author.
机译：使用激光雷达技术的拉曼水蒸气光谱的窄带检测引起了对拉曼光谱的温度依赖性的关注。通过尝试将温度依赖性最小化到可以忽略的程度，或者通过校正存在的任何程度的温度依赖性，各个小组已经解决了这个问题。执行这两种方法之一的传统技术需要精确测量激光输出波长和水蒸气光谱通带，且合并不确定度约为0.01 nm。但是，干涉滤光片中心波长和激光输出波长的不确定性可能很大或更大。这些综合的不确定性转化为3％或更高的拉曼激光雷达水蒸气测量的温度依赖性大小的不确定性。我们在这里提出了另一种方法，用于准确确定拉曼激光雷达水蒸气测量的温度依赖性。这种替代方法需要在扫描拉曼水蒸气Q分支各部分的通道通带的同时，使用激光雷达获取连续的大气廓线。通过倾斜调谐干涉滤波器或通过扫描光谱仪的输出来完成该扫描。通过该过程，可以以将通道通带相对于激光输出波长的光谱位置定义为比标准实验室技术所获得的精度高得多的方式来识别透射强度的峰值。给定使用此处介绍的技术确定的水蒸气信号强度曲线的峰值，以及对大气温度的近似了解，可以确定给定拉曼激光雷达轮廓的温度依赖性，准确度为0.5％或更高。主要作者可以使用Mathematica笔记本来演示此处使用的计算。

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