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Detection of toxic elements using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in smokers' and nonsmokers' teeth and investigation of periodontal parameters

机译：使用激光诱导击穿光谱法检测吸烟者和非吸烟者牙齿中的有毒元素并研究牙周参数

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A laser-induced breakdown spectrometer (LIBS) was built and optimized to detect levels of toxic elements such as lead, cadmium, and arsenic present in the roots of extracted teeth of smokers and nonsmokers. Sixty extracted teeth from patients having a history of chronic periodontitis were divided into two groups of 30 teeth each for smoker and nonsmoker patients and, as controls, a third group of 30 patients who did not have a history of chronic periodontitis. The respective elemental concentration (Pb, Cd, and As) 23-29, 0.26-0. 31, and 0.64-11 ppm are for nonsmokers, 35-55, 0.33-0.51, and 0.91-1.5 ppm are for smokers, and lastly 0.17-0.31, 0.01-0.05, and 0.05-0.09 ppm are for control group. In order to test the validity of the results achieved using our LIBS system, a standard inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique was also applied for the analysis of the same teeth samples, and ICP results were found to be in excellent agreement with our LIBS results. In addition to this, the gingival index, plaque index, clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing pocket depth were also recorded. Our LIBS spectroscopic analysis showed high levels of lead, cadmium, and arsenic concentration on root surfaces of teeth, which may be due to CAL. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
机译：建立并优化了激光诱导击穿光谱仪（LIBS），以检测吸烟者和非吸烟者拔出的牙根中有毒元素的水平，例如铅，镉和砷。将具有慢性牙周炎病史的患者的六十颗拔牙分为两组，每组分别为吸烟者和非吸烟者的30颗牙，以及作为对照组的第三组无慢性牙周炎的30例患者。各个元素的浓度（Pb，Cd和As）为23-29、0.26-0。非吸烟者分别为31和0.64-11 ppm，吸烟者为35-55、0.33-0.51和0.91-1.5 ppm，最后对照组为0.17-0.31、0.01-0.05和0.05-0.09 ppm。为了测试使用我们的LIBS系统获得的结果的有效性，标准的电感耦合等离子体（ICP）技术也被用于分析相同的牙齿样品，并且发现ICP结果与我们的LIBS结果非常吻合。除此之外，还记录了牙龈指数，牙菌斑指数，临床附着力丧失（CAL）和探查袋深度。我们的LIBS光谱分析表明，牙齿根部表面铅，镉和砷的浓度很高，这可能是由于CAL引起的。 （C）2015年美国眼镜学会

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