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Double-pulse 2-mu m integrated path differential absorption lidar airborne validation for atmospheric carbon dioxide measurement

机译：用于大气二氧化碳测量的双脉冲2微米积分路径差分吸收激光雷达机载验证

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Field experiments were conducted to test and evaluate the initial atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement capability of airborne, high-energy, double-pulsed, 2-mu m integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar. This IPDA was designed, integrated, and operated at the NASA Langley Research Center on-board the NASA B-200 aircraft. The IPDA was tuned to the CO2 strong absorption line at 2050.9670 nm, which is the optimum for lower tropospheric weighted column measurements. Flights were conducted over land and ocean under different conditions. The first validation experiments of the IPDA for atmospheric CO2 remote sensing, focusing on low surface reflectivity oceanic surface returns during full day background conditions, are presented. In these experiments, the IPDA measurements were validated by comparison to airborne flask air-sampling measurements conducted by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. IPDA performance modeling was conducted to evaluate measurement sensitivity and bias errors. The IPDA signals and their variation with altitude compare well with predicted model results. In addition, off-off-line testing was conducted, with fixed instrument settings, to evaluate the IPDA systematic and random errors. Analysis shows an altitude-independent differential optical depth offset of 0.0769. Optical depth measurement uncertainty of 0.0918 compares well with the predicted value of 0.0761. IPDA CO2 column measurement compares well with model-driven, near-simultaneous air-sampling measurements from the NOAA aircraft at different altitudes. With a 10-s shot average, CO2 differential optical depth measurement of 1.0054 +/- 0.0103 was retrieved from a 6-km altitude and a 4-GHz on-line operation. As compared to CO2 weighted-average column dry-air volume mixing ratio of 404.08 ppm, derived from air sampling, IPDA measurement resulted in a value of 405.22 +/- 4.15 ppm with 1.02% uncertainty and 0.28% additional bias. Sensitivity analysis of environmental systematic errors correlates the additional bias to water vapor. IPDA ranging resulted in a measurement uncertainty of < 3 m. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
机译：进行了现场实验，以测试和评估机载高能双脉冲2微米集成路径差分吸收（IPDA）激光雷达的初始大气二氧化碳（CO2）测量能力。该IPDA是在NASA B-200飞机上的NASA兰利研究中心设计，集成和运行的。将IPDA调谐到2050.9670 nm处的CO2强吸收线，这是对流层较低加权柱测量的最佳选择。飞行是在不同条件下在陆地和海洋上进行的。提出了针对大气CO2遥感的IPDA的第一个验证实验，重点在于全天背景条件下低表面反射率的海洋表面回波。在这些实验中，通过与NOAA地球系统研究实验室进行的机载烧瓶空气采样测量进行比较，验证了IPDA测量。进行了IPDA性能建模，以评估测量灵敏度和偏差误差。 IPDA信号及其随高度的变化与预测的模型结果具有很好的对比。此外，还使用固定的仪器设置进行了离线测试，以评估IPDA系统误差和随机误差。分析显示，高度无关的差分光学深度偏移为0.0769。光学深度测量不确定度为0.0918，可与预测值0.0761很好地比较。 IPDA二氧化碳气柱测量值与来自不同高度的NOAA飞机的模型驱动的近同时空气采样测量值相比非常好。以平均10秒的拍摄速度，可以从6公里的高度和4 GHz的在线操作中获得1.0054 +/- 0.0103的CO2差分光学深度测量值。与空气采样得出的CO2加权平均柱干空气体积混合比404.08 ppm相比，IPDA测量得出的值为405.22 +/- 4.15 ppm，不确定性为1.02％，附加偏差为0.28％。环境系统误差的敏感性分析将额外的偏差与水蒸气相关联。 IPDA测距导致测量不确定度<3 m。 （C）2016美国眼镜学会

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