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首页> 外文期刊>Cortex: A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior >Word classes in the brain: Implications of linguistic typology for cognitive neuroscience
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Word classes in the brain: Implications of linguistic typology for cognitive neuroscience

机译：大脑中的单词类别：语言类型学对认知神经科学的影响

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摘要

Although recent research on the neural substrates of word classes has generated some valuable findings, significant progress has been hindered by insufficient attention to theoretical issues involving the nature of the lexical phenomena under investigation. This paper shows how insights from linguistic typology can provide cognitive neuroscientists with well-motivated guidelines for interpreting the extant data and charting a future course. At the outset, a fundamental distinction is made between universal and language-particular aspects of word classes. Regarding universals, prototypical nouns involve reference to objects, and their meanings rely primarily on the ventral temporal lobes, which represent the shape features of entities; in contrast, prototypical verbs involve predication of actions, and their meanings rely primarily on posterior middle temporal regions and frontoparietal regions, which represent the visual motion features and somatomotor features of events. Some researchers maintain that focusing on object nouns and action verbs is inappropriate because it conflates the semantic and grammatical properties of each word class. However, this criticism not only ignores the importance of the universal prototypes, but also mistakenly assumes that there are straightforward morphological and/or syntactic criteria for identifying nouns and verbs in particular languages. In fact, at the level of individual languages, the classic method of distributional analysis leads to a proliferation of constructionally based entity-denoting and event-denoting word classes with mismatching memberships, and all of this variation must be taken seriously, not only by linguists, but also by cognitive neuroscientists. Many of these word classes involve remarkably close correspondences between grammar and meaning and hence are highly relevant to the neurobiology of conceptual knowledge, but so far hardly any of them have been investigated from a neurolinguistic perspective. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：尽管最近对词类神经底物的研究已产生了一些有价值的发现，但是由于对涉及所研究词汇现象性质的理论问题的关注不足，阻碍了重大进展。本文展示了语言类型学的见解如何为认知神经科学家提供有力的指导方针，以解释现有数据并绘制未来路线图。首先，在词类的通用和特定语言方面有根本的区别。关于普遍性，原型名词涉及对对象的引用，其含义主要取决于腹侧颞叶，腹侧颞叶代表实体的形状特征。相反，原型动词涉及动作的谓词，其含义主要取决于后中颞部区域和额顶区域，它们代表事件的视觉运动特征和躯体运动特征。一些研究人员认为，专注于宾语和动作动词是不合适的，因为它使每个单词类别的语义和语法特性不统一。但是，这种批评不仅忽视了通用原型的重要性，而且还错误地认为存在直接的形态学和/或句法标准来识别特定语言中的名词和动词。实际上，在单个语言的层面上，经典的分布分析方法导致成员不匹配的基于结构的实体表示和事件表示单词类别的泛滥，所有这些变化都必须得到认真对待，不仅是语言学家，但也由认知神经科学家提出。这些词中的许多词类在语法和含义之间都具有非常密切的对应关系，因此与概念知识的神经生物学高度相关，但是到目前为止，几乎没有从神经语言学角度对其进行研究。 （C）2014 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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