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首页> 外文期刊>Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Sciences and Medicine >Nikolai Vavilov in the years of Stalin's 'Revolution from Above' (1929-1932)
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Nikolai Vavilov in the years of Stalin's 'Revolution from Above' (1929-1932)

机译：斯大林的“自上而下的革命”年代（1929-1932）的尼古拉·瓦维洛夫（Nikolai Vavilov）

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This paper examines new evidence from Russian archives to argue that Soviet geneticist and plant breeder, Nikolai I. Vavilov's fate was sealed during the Cultural Revolution' (Revolution from Above') (1929-1932). This was several years before Trofim D. Lysenko, the Soviet agronomist and widely portrayed archenemy and destroyer of Vavilov, became a major force in Soviet science. During the Cultural Revolution' the Soviet leadership wanted to subordinate science and research to the task of socialist reconstruction. Vavilov, who was head of the Institute of Plant Breeding (VIR) and the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VASKhNIL), came under attack from the younger generation of researchers who were keen to transform biology into a proletarian science. The new evidence shows that it was during this period that Vavilov lost his independence to determine research strategies and manage personnel within his own institute. These changes meant that Lysenko, who had won Stalin's support, was able to gain influence and eventually exert authority over Vavilov. Based on the new evidence, Vavilov's arrest in 1940 after he criticized Lysenko's conception of Non-Mendelian genetics was just the final challenge to his authority. He had already experienced years of harassment that began before Lysenko gained a position of influence. Vavilov died in prison in 1943.
机译：本文研究了来自俄罗斯档案馆的新证据，论证了苏联遗传学家和植物育种家尼古拉·瓦维洛夫（Nikolai I. Vavilov）的命运在“文化大革命”（1929-1932年）期间被封印。距苏联农艺师特罗菲姆·D·里森科（Trofim D. Lysenko）数年之久，他被广泛描述为瓦维洛夫的敌人和驱逐舰，成为苏联科学的主要力量。在“文化大革命”期间，苏联领导层希望将科学和研究从属于社会主义重建的任务。瓦维洛夫曾是植物育种研究所（VIR）和全联盟农业科学院（VASKhNIL）的负责人，遭到了热衷于将生物学转变为无产阶级科学的年轻一代研究人员的抨击。新证据表明，正是在此期间，瓦维洛夫失去了独立性，无法确定研究策略并管理自己研究所内的人员。这些变化意味着赢得斯大林支持的利森科能够获得影响力，并最终对瓦维洛夫施加影响。根据新的证据，瓦维洛夫（Vavilov）在批评利森科（Lysenko）的非门德尔遗传学概念后于1940年被捕，这是对他的权威的最后挑战。在Lysenko获得影响力之前，他已经经历了数年的骚扰。瓦维洛夫于1943年在监狱中去世。

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