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首页> 外文期刊>Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Sciences and Medicine >Forestry Experimental Stations: Russian Proposals of the 1870s
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Forestry Experimental Stations: Russian Proposals of the 1870s

机译：林业实验站：1870年代的俄罗斯提案

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The first forestry experimental stations in Europe appeared in the 1860-1870s. Russia also had draft proposals for such stations around this time. Discussions about forestry experimental stations began in the 1870s, soon after the Forestry Society of St. Petersburg was established with the support of the Forestry Department. Leading experts in forestry proposed that two central' experimental stations (at the Forestry Institute and Petrovskaya Agricultural Academy) should be established and that these should be linked to a further 20 local' stations. The proposal described in detail the organization of the stations, especially the meteorological department, the model for which was the Bavarian forest-meteorology network created by Ernst Ebermayer. The Russian proposal also contained new ideas on how to study soil moisture dynamics under the forest canopy. Despite productive discussions the network of Russian forestry experimental stations never materialized - probably because of the Russo-Turkish war. The institutionalization of forestry experimentation eventually took place in Russia in the 1890s. This was in response to the 1891-1892 drought and famine, which prompted the organization of the so-called Special Expedition under the supervision of Vasily Dokuchaev.
机译：欧洲的第一个林业实验站出现在1860-1870年代。大约在这个时候，俄罗斯也提出了关于此类电台的建议草案。在林业部门的支持下，圣彼得堡林业协会成立后不久，关于林业实验站的讨论始于1870年代。林业方面的主要专家建议应建立两个中央实验站（分别位于林业研究所和彼得罗夫斯卡亚农业学院），并将它们与另外20个地方站相连。该提案详细描述了气象站的组织，特别是气象部门，其模型是由恩斯特·埃伯迈耶（Ernst Ebermayer）创建的巴伐利亚森林气象网络。俄罗斯的建议还包含有关如何研究林冠层下土壤水分动力学的新思路。尽管进行了富有成果的讨论，但俄罗斯林业实验站的网络却从未实现过-可能是由于俄土战争所致。林业试验的制度化最终于1890年代在俄罗斯发生。这是对1891-1892年干旱和饥荒的回应，这促使在瓦西里·杜库恰耶夫（Vasily Dokuchaev）的监督下组织了所谓的特别远征队。

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