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Enhanced Third Harmonic Generation in Single Germanium Nanodisks Excited at the Anapole Mode

机译：在单极子纳米盘上以偶极模式激发的增强的三次谐波产生

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摘要

We present an all-dielectric germanium nano system exhibiting a strong third order nonlinear response and efficient third harmonic generation in the optical regime. A thin germanium nanodisk shows a pronounced valley in its scattering cross section at the dark anapole mode, while the electric field energy inside the disk is maximized due to high confinement within the dielectric. We investigate the dependence of the third harmonic signal on disk size and pump wavelength to reveal the nature of the anapole mode. Each germanium nanodisk generates a high effective third order susceptibility of chi((3)) = 4.3 x 10(-9) esu, corresponding to an associated third harmonic conversion efficiency of 0.0001% at an excitation wavelength of 1650 nm, which is 4 orders of magnitude greater than the case of an unstructured germanium reference film. Furthermore, the nonlinear conversion via the anapole mode outperforms that via the radiative dipolar resonances by about 1 order of magnitude, which is consistent with our numerical simulations. These findings open new possibilities for the optimization of upconversion processes on the nanoscale through the appropriate engineering of suitable dielectric materials.
机译：我们提出了一种全介电锗纳米系统，在光学体系中表现出很强的三阶非线性响应和有效的三次谐波产生。薄的锗纳米盘在暗偶极子模式下在其散射截面中显示出明显的谷，而由于电介质内部的高度限制，使得盘内部的电场能量最大化。我们调查三次谐波信号对磁盘大小和泵浦波长的依赖性，以揭示偶极模式的性质。每个锗纳米盘都会产生chi（（3））= 4.3 x 10（-9）esu的高效三阶磁化率，对应于在1650 nm的激发波长下为0.001％的相关三次谐波转换效率，为4阶比非结构化的锗参比膜大一些。此外，通过偶极子模式进行的非线性转换优于通过辐射偶极子共振进行的非线性转换大约1个数量级，这与我们的数值模拟是一致的。这些发现为通过适当的介电材料的适当工程设计在纳米级上转换过程的优化提供了新的可能性。

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