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TiO2 nanotubes infiltrated with nanoparticles for dye sensitized solar cells

机译：纳米粒子渗透的TiO2纳米管用于染料敏化太阳能电池

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摘要

We present a detailed study of the infiltration of titanium dioxide (TiO_2) nanotubes (NTs) with TiO_2 nanoparticles (NPs) for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The aim is to combine the merits of the NP's high dye loading and high light harvesting capability with the NT's straight carrier transport path and high electron collection efficiency to improve the DSSC performance. On infiltrating NTs with TiCl_4 solution followed by hydrothermal synthesis, 10nm size NPs were observed to form a conformal and dense layer on the NT walls. Compared with the bare NT structure, dye loading of this mixed NT and NP structure is more than doubled. The overall photon conversion efficiencies of the fabricated DSSCs are improved by 152%, 107%, and 49% for 8, 13, and 20μm long NTs, respectively. Electron transport and recombination parameters were extracted based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Although a slight reduction of electron lifetime was observed in the mixed structures due to enhanced recombination with a larger surface area, the diffusion length is still significantly longer than the NT length used, suggesting that most electrons are collected. In addition to dye loading and hence photocurrent increment, the photovoltage and filling factor were also improved in the mixed structure due to a low serial resistance, leading to the enhancement of the overall efficiency.
机译：我们目前对染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）的TiO_2纳米颗粒（NPs）渗透二氧化钛（TiO_2）纳米管（NTs）的详细研究。目的是将NP的高染料负载量和高的光收集能力与NT的直线载流子传输路径和高电子收集效率相结合，以改善DSSC性能。用TiCl_4溶液渗入NTs，然后进行水热合成，观察到10nm大小的NP在NT壁上形成共形且致密的层。与裸NT结构相比，这种NT和NP混合结构的染料负载增加了一倍以上。对于8、13和20μm长的NT，制造的DSSC的整体光子转换效率分别提高了152％，107％和49％。基于电化学阻抗谱测量结果提取电子传输和复合参数。尽管在混合结构中观察到电子寿命略有下降，这是由于复合的增强和更大的表面积所致，但扩散长度仍明显长于所用的NT长度，这表明收集了大多数电子。除了染料负载并因此增加光电流外，由于低的串联电阻，混合结构中的光电压和填充因子也得到了改善，从而提高了整体效率。

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