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Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic evaluation of visible light activated C-doped TiO _2 nanoparticles

机译:可见光活化碳掺杂TiO _2纳米粒子的合成,表征及光催化性能评价

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We have demonstrated heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) by visible light activated carbon doped TiO _2 (C-TiO _2) nanoparticles, synthesized by a modified sol-gel route based on the self-assembly technique exploiting oleic acid as a pore directing agent and carbon source. The C-TiO _2 nanoparticles crystallize in anatase phase despite the low calcination temperature of 350°C and exhibit a highly porous structure that can be optimized by tuning the concentration of the oleic acid surfactant. The carbon modified nanomaterials exhibited enhanced absorption in the broad visible light region together with an apparent red shift in the optical absorption edge by 0.5eV (2.69eV), compared to the 3.18eV of reference anatase TiO _2. Carbon species were identified by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis through the formation of both Ti-C and C-O bonds, indicative of substitution of carbon for oxygen atoms and the formation of carbonates, respectively. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed the formation of two carbon related paramagnetic centers in C-TiO _2, whose intensity was markedly enhanced under visible light illumination, pointing to the formation of localized states within the anatase band gap, following carbon doping. The photocatalytic activity of C-TiO _2 nanomaterials was evaluated for the degradation of MC-LR at pH 3.0 under visible light (λ>420nm) irradiation. The doped materials showed a higher MC-LR degradation rate than reference TiO _2, behavior that is attributed to the incorporation of carbon into the titania lattice.
机译:我们已经证明了可见光活性炭掺杂的TiO _2(C-TiO _2)纳米粒子对微囊藻毒素LR(MC-LR)的异质光催化降解,该纳米粒子是通过基于油酸作为自组装技术的改良溶胶-凝胶路线合成的。孔隙导向剂和碳源。尽管煅烧温度低至350°C,但C-TiO _2纳米颗粒仍以锐钛矿相结晶,并显示出高度多孔的结构,可通过调节油酸表面活性剂的浓度对其进行优化。与参考锐钛矿型TiO _2的3.18eV相比,碳改性的纳米材料在宽可见光区域显示出增强的吸收,同时在光吸收边缘出现明显的红移0.5eV(2.69eV)。通过X射线光电子能谱分析,通过Ti-C和C-O键的形成来鉴定碳的种类,分别表示碳被氧原子取代和碳酸盐的形成。电子顺磁共振光谱显示在C-TiO _2中形成了两个碳相关的顺磁性中心,其强度在可见光照射下显着增强,表明在碳掺杂后在锐钛矿带隙内形成了局部状态。评价了C-TiO _2纳米材料在可见光(λ> 420nm)下pH 3.0时MC-LR的光催化活性。掺杂的材料显示出比参考TiO _2更高的MC-LR降解速率,这归因于碳掺入二氧化钛晶格中。

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