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Graphene nanocomposite for biomedical applications: Fabrication, antimicrobial and cytotoxic investigations

机译：用于生物医学的石墨烯纳米复合材料：制备，抗菌和细胞毒性研究

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Materials possessing excellent bacterial toxicity, while presenting low cytotoxicity to human cells, are strong candidates for biomaterials applications. In this study, we present the fabrication of a nanocomposite containing poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and graphene (G) in solutions and thin films. Highly dispersed PVK-G (97-3 w/w%) solutions in various organic and aqueous solvents were prepared by solution mixing and sonication methods. The thermal properties and morphology of the new composite were analyzed using thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. PVK-G films were immobilized onto indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates via electrodeposition. AFM was used to characterize the resulting topography of the nanocomposite thin films, while cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis were used to monitor their successful electrodeposition. The antimicrobial properties of the electrodeposited PVK-G films and solution-based PVK-G were investigated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Microbial growth after exposure to the nanocomposite, metabolic assay and live-dead assay of the bacterial solutions exposed to PVK-G presented fewer viable and active bacteria than those exposed to pure PVK or pure graphene solutions. The PVK-G film inhibited about 80% of biofilm surface coverage whereas the PVK- and G-modified surfaces allowed biofilm formation over almost the whole coated surface (i.e.>80%). The biocompatibility of the prepared PVK-G solutions on NIH 3T3 cells was evaluated using the MTS cell proliferation assay. A 24h exposure of the PVK-G nanocomposite to the NIH 3T3 cells presented 80% cell survival.
机译：具有优异的细菌毒性，同时对人体细胞的细胞毒性低的材料，是生物材料应用的强力候选材料。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种在溶液和薄膜中包含聚（N-乙烯基咔唑）（PVK）和石墨烯（G）的纳米复合材料的制造方法。通过溶液混合和超声处理方法制备了在各种有机和水性溶剂中的高度分散的PVK-G（97-3 w / w％）溶液。分别使用热重分析（TGA）和原子力显微镜（AFM）分析了新复合材料的热性能和形态。通过电沉积将PVK-G薄膜固定到铟锡氧化物（ITO）基板上。原子力显微镜用于表征纳米复合薄膜的形貌，而循环伏安法和紫外可见光谱则用于监测其成功的电沉积。研究了电沉积的PVK-G薄膜和基于溶液的PVK-G的抗菌性能，它们对大肠杆菌（E. coli）和枯草芽孢杆菌（B. subtilis）具有抗微生物作用。暴露于纳米复合物，暴露于PVK-G的细菌溶液的代谢检测和活死分析后的微生物生长比暴露于纯PVK或纯石墨烯溶液的细菌具有更少的存活和活性细菌。 PVK-G膜抑制了约80％的生物膜表面覆盖率，而PVK和G修饰的表面允许在几乎整个涂覆表面上形成生物膜（即> 80％）。使用MTS细胞增殖测定法评估了制备的PVK-G溶液在NIH 3T3细胞上的生物相容性。 PVK-G纳米复合材料在NIH 3T3细胞中暴露24h表现出80％的细胞存活率。

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